1. Asociación Fronteriza Mexicano / Estadounidense de Salud U.S. / Mexico Border Health Association PRESENTATION: BORDER HEALTH Santa Fe, New Mexico July 2004 DR. MANUEL ROBLES LINARES

2. PROJECTS Maria Chaparro Ruby Marentes Rosa M. Benedicto Ramón Acosta

3. USMBHA • BI-NATIONAL ASSOCIATION • PIONEER • NON PROFIT • ACTIONS IN THREE DISTINCT AREAS 1.- BHC (BI-NATIONAL HEALTH COUNCILS) 2.- UNIVERSITIES AND LEARNING CENTERS 3.- LOCAL DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH • PROGRAMS PROJECTS • 14 PEOPLE • EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONSISTING OF: (PRESIDENT, SECRETARY, TREASURER, REPRESENTATIVE OF MEXICO, REPRESENTATIVE OF US, AND THE TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT OF THE PAHO) • HAS STATUTES AND REGULATIONS • ITS PRESIDENCY ALTERNATES (MEXICO-USA)

4. HISTORY • 61 YEARS OF UNINTERRUPTED SERVICE • INSTITUTIONAL AND PERSONAL MEMBERSHIP • ANNUAL MEETING ALTERNATES BETWEEN US AND MEXICO • DEFINITION OF THE BORDER STATES IN THE US 1.- 10 STATES 2.- 32 MUNICIPALITIES 3.- 25 COUNTIES • POPULATION ALONG THE BORDER: - 6,275,135 US - 5,022,882 MEXICO

5. BORDER STATES USA 6,275,135 MEXICO 5,022,882

7. PROGRAMS:WHAT HAS BEEN DONE TO PROMOTE HEALTH ALONG THE US - MEXICO BORDER?

8. NEW DIMENSIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH ALONG THE BORDER MEXICOUS • POPULATION 5,022,882 6,275,135 • SOCIAL SECURITY 50% 87% • OPEN POPULATION 50 MIL 30 MIL • INVESTED IN HEALTH 4% GDP 14.5% GDP • HEALTH INSTALLATIONS 1 4.5 • MORTALITY 13 PER MIL 8 PER MIL • BIRTHS 2 1.3 • INDICATORS OF SOCIAL 60% 92% DEVELOPMENT THE MISSION OF BORDER HEALTH IS EQUITY

9. RECOGNITION FOR ACHIEVEMENTS REACHED IN BORDER HEALTH • IBWC (INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY AND WATER COMMISSION)1950 • EPA • BANK OF BORDER DEVELOPMENT • BI-NATIONAL HEALTH COMMISSION 2000 • PRELIMINARY REVISIONS • GUBERNATORIAL MEETINGS • MEETINGS BETWEEN SONORA-ARIZONA

10. ACTIVE, PASSIVE AND STRUCTURES IN OBSERVANCE • ACADEMIC CENTERS (ALMOST A CENTURY) • UNIVERSITIES • HEALTH UNIVERSITIES • MEDICAL SCHOOLS • PUBLIC HEALTH • BORDER COLLEGES • NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS • ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS • ALTRUISTIC MOVEMENTS • FOUNDATIONS • VOLUNTEERS • ASSISTANCE

11. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF DENGUE - 2000

12. LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIAOR PALLADIUMPARASITES

13. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA 2002

14. TRANSMISSION MODE OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS OF SAN LUIS or WEST NILE Vertebrate reservoirs Mosquito vectors(Culex Species) Dead – end hosts Virus

17. 14.0 10.0 6.0 2.0 12.6 0.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 10.4 8.9 8.3 8.1 7.3 6.3 2000 2010 2020 YEARS MEDIUM INCREASE IN BORDER POPULATION, 2000 - 2020 Population by Millions TENDENCIA 1990 – 2000 (3.51%) PROYECCIÓN MEDIA (2.5%) PROYECCIÓN CONAPO (1.79–1.30%)

18. 80 60 40 20 0 YEARS 2000 2010 2020 2050 Population Trends 2000 – 2050 Population by age groups Percentage Breakdown 2000 - 2050 < 15 15 - 64 65 and over Percentage

19. Birth Rates Mexico 1930 - 2000 7 6 5 4 Births per Woman 3 2 1 0 1930 2000 YEARS

20. Demographic Changes in Mexico 120 100 80 60 Population by Millions 40 20 0 1930 2000 YEARS

21. RIO GRANDE IN CIUDAD JUAREZ 1900

22. VACCINATION TO IMMIGRANTS, 1911

23. MIGRATION AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY, 1911

24. COMMITTEE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS, 1948

25. TREATMENT FOR POLIO, 1949

26. 58TH ANNUAL MEETING HERMOSILLO, SON. 2000 RESOLUTIONS 21st CENTURY • DIABETES • ADDICTIONS • ENVIRONMENT

27. ANATOMY

28. MODERN ANATOMY

29. PREVENTION Life with Spinal Bifida

30. CASES OF SPINAL BIFIDA AND MENINGITIS

31. BIRTH CONTROL

32. STATISTICS 1950-2000 PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS ADDICTIONS CHOLERA VIRAL SICKNESS CANCER ACCIDENTS MEASLES, POLIO DIABETES 1950 2000 1950 2000 1950 2000 1950 2000 1950 2000 1950 2000 1950 2000 1950 2000

33. DIABETES AND CHRONIC ILLNESSES

34. GLOBAL POPULATION • Currently there are 6.3 billion people in the world • It is estimated that earth’s population will reach 8.9 billion by the year 2050. Most of this increase will occur in developing countries. • The 49 countries which are least developed will over exceed 168 million to 1.7 billion in the year 2050. • In proportion to the total world population, adolescents will increase from 14% to 25.6%.

35. REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH • 560,000 youth live with HIV/AIDS out of which 31% are female • The virus is mainly spread through sexual activity between men who have sex with men, but many young women are being infected. • Latin America countries have developed action plans towards the information and education of sexual and reproductive health.

36. GLOBAL YOUTH POPULATION • Almost half of the worlds population are younger than 25 years. The largest youth population in history. • 100 million youth between 15 to 24 years of age are in Latin America • 1,200 million adolescents. The largest adolescent population recorded in history. • More than 20% of the population in developing countries are between the ages of 10 and 19 • 85% of the adolescents in the world live in these developing countries

37. GLOBAL POVERTY • 238 million, almost a forth of the youth population, live with A DAILY PAIN • 462 million youth live with less than TWO DAILY PAINS, that’s 43% of youth population • 6 out of 10 youths in the world and 1 out of 4 adolescents live in extreme poverty. • 15million youth in Latin America live in extreme poverty • 2 out of 11 countries containing 77% of the youth in extreme poverty are in Latin America: Brazil and Mexico

38. GLOBAL EDUCATION • 153 million youth between 15 to 24 years of age de are illiterate. 62% of which are females • 2 out of 3 illiterates in the world are females older than 15 years. • Up until the age of 18, girls have received an average of 4.4 years less than boys • Birth rates decrease as educational levels increase • Its very common for a girl with a low level of education to wed and to bare children at an early age

39. PUBLIC POLICIES FOR THE YOUTH • Mobilize active community support • Involve the youth in the planning and development of policies and programs • Investing in youth will generate greater opportunities for future generations • Develop programs that are decentralized, multi dimensionaland cross sectional to addressthe inaction costs • The programs must adjust to the specificvital situations and meet the cultural expectations of the youth

40. YOUTH IN LATIN AMERICA • Half of all street children live in Latin America • 17.4 million children under the age of 15 work as child laborers in Latin America • One out of every 230 people in the world, is a child or an adolescent forced to runaway from home.