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Absolutism – England 16.3

Absolutism – England 16.3. The problems in England revolved around power struggles between Parliament and the monarchy. Religion also a source of conflict. What did each claim as their basis for control?. English Problems. Queen Elizabeth’s death led to the Stuarts ascending the throne.

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Absolutism – England 16.3

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  1. Absolutism – England16.3

  2. The problems in England revolved around power struggles between Parliament and the monarchy. Religion also a source of conflict. What did each claim as their basis for control? English Problems

  3. Queen Elizabeth’s death led to the Stuarts ascending the throne. King James Stuart. Divine right ruler, problems with Parliament (religious) as well as philosophical. Problems in England

  4. Religious Issuesp. 517 • James I – Calvinist/Presbyterian • England – Anglican • Dissenters – differed from Anglican Church • ex. Puritans • What did the Puritans believe? What were their goals?

  5. Charles I (1625) • Prison w/o trial • Needed money • “Petition of Right” by Parliament forced on King. • Not tax w/out Pmt. • Can’t impose martial law in peacetime. • Dissolved Parliament

  6. Ignored the Petition of Right -it was contradiction of absolute monarchy. Angered Scots and Parliament (Laud, prayer book) Long Parliament – 1640 -1653 -executed Laud -declared Parliament could not be dissolved -Charles used troops to arrest leaders (1642); who raised own army Outcome of Charles

  7. Civil War • What happened? • Civil War (1642-1649) between loyalists (Cavaliers) and Parliament supporters (Roundheads) • Rise of Oliver Cromwell and the NMA

  8. Civil War and Cromwell • Captured Charles and tried for treason and executed - Significance? • Cromwell’s rule. • Military dictator (sent parliament home) • Puritan (no fun) • Catholic persecution • Irish (catholic) treatment • Commonwealth (Republic) – Cromwell the Lord Protector (1653) Ended with death in 1658

  9. Execution of the King • Execution of the King

  10. Charles II (Charles I’s son) voted into power with limitations placed by parliament (1660) -constitutional based on rights of crown, Parliament and people James II – Catholic, younger bro of Charles II Problems with James -Open Catholic -appointed Catholics - Acted absolutist Restoration p.520-521

  11. Mary daughter of James II married to William the Orange III from Netherlands. 1688 overthrew James with little bloodshed. James flees to France. William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution

  12. Limited Monarchyp.521-522 • Constitution or legislative body limits monarch • Move away from absolutism to constitutional monarchy(gov’t power is defined and limited by law) . • Cabinet members (Prime Minister) -where did the term “cabinet” come from? • Toleration Act 1689: freedom of religion (except Catholics) • Bill of Rights 1689 (only Anglicans can hold office) • Freedom of speech in Pmt. • No taxes w/out Pmt. Approval • No standing army in peacetime -Habeas Corpus

  13. Review • Which came first, the English Civil War, or “Glorious Revolution”? • Which king was the leader of the Royalists in the civil war? • Which duo were asked to take power in the “Glorious Revolution”, and whom did they take it from?

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