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I. Capitalism II. Absolutism: Louis XIV III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism

I. Capitalism II. Absolutism: Louis XIV III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism IV. Holland and England V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War, 1650–1774 VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism, 1715–1774. I. Capitalism A. Expanding Capitalism Banks

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I. Capitalism II. Absolutism: Louis XIV III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism

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  1. I. Capitalism II. Absolutism: Louis XIV III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism IV. Holland and England V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War, 1650–1774 VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism, 1715–1774 Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

  2. I. Capitalism • A. Expanding Capitalism • Banks • Fuggers, Augsburg • Bank of Amsterdam, 1609 • Bank of England, 1694 • Joint-stock Companies • East India Companies • (English, Dutch, French) • Austria, Prussia

  3. I. Capitalism • B. Free Enterprise • Capitalistic agriculture • Jethro Tull (1674–1741) Charles Townshend (1674–1738) • Robert Bakewell (1725–95) • Arthur Young (1741–1820) • Enclosure Act • 1750–1800 — 40–50,000 small • farms lost • Domestic System • from 1500 • Lloyds of London, 1688 • Stock Exchanges • London, 1698 • Bourse, Paris, 1724

  4. I. Capitalism • C. Social Crises • Privileged Classes • First and Second Estates, France • less than 2% • Peasants, 80% • French Third Estate • diverse • D. Protests, Riots, Rebellions • 1700s— 73 peasant rebellions • Russia, Pugachev revolt, 1773–75

  5. II. Absolutism: Louis XIV • A. Foundations of Absolutism • Jacques Bossuet • Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) • Leviathan • Louis XIII • Marie de’ Medici • Louis XIV (1643–1715) • Cardinal Richelieu (1585–1642) • Cardinal Mazarin (1602–1661) • The Fronde (1649–1653) • B. The Mechanics of French Absolutism • Versailles • Mercantilism • Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619–83) • Bullionism

  6. III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism • A. The Germanic Satellites • 300 + Sovereign states • B. Scandinavia • Frederick III (1648–70), Denmark • Charles XI (1660–97), Sweden • C. Iberia • Weak monarchies • Alfonso VI (1656–68), Portugal • Charles II (1665–1700, Spain • Portugal • Pedro II (1683–1706) • John V (1706–50) • Spain • Philip V (1700–46)

  7. III. The Gravitational Pull of French Absolutism • D. Habsburgs • Leopold I (1657–1705) • Maria Theresa (1740–80) • Count Haugwitz, Minister • E. Poland: The Last Medieval State • F. Prussia • Hohenzollerns • Frederick William (1640–88) • Frederick I (1688–1713) • Frederick William I (1713–40) • General Directory • civil service • supreme court • nobles taxed • Frederick II (1740–86) • G. Russian Autocracy • Peter I (1682–1725)

  8. G. Russian Autocracy • Peter I (1682–1725)

  9. D. Restoration and the “Glorious Revolution” • Charles II (1660–85) • James II (1685–88), Catholic • crown to Mary Stuart, William of Orange • = “Glorious Revolution” • Bill of Rights • E. Whigs and Tories • Hanoverians • George I (1714–27) • George II (1727–60) • Robert Walpole • First Prime Minister • George III (1760–1820) • Tories (conservatives) • George Grenville (1712–70) • minister • IV. Holland and England • A. The Dutch Experiment • John Oldenbarnveldt (1547–1619) • B. The English Debate (1603–88) • James I (1603–25) • 1628— Petition of Right • 1629–40 — no Parliament • 1640 — “Short Parliament” • “Long Parliament” — 20 years • C. Civil War • Parliament v. Royalists • Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) • 1646 — Charles king • 1648— executed • Levellers — outlawed • “Rump Parliament” • Cromwell, Lord Protector • Institute of Government, 1653

  10. V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and War, 1650–1774 • A. Westphalia to Utrecht: The Dominance of France • Great Northern War (1709–21) • Russia v. Sweden • War of the Spanish Succession (1701–13) • Role of Women • Sarah Churchill • Mary of Modena • Madame de Maintenon • Princess des Ursins • Treaty of Utrecht (1713) • Philip V, King of Spain

  11. V. Breaking the Bank: Diplomacy and WarB. From Utrecht to Paris: An Unstable Balance • 1739—1748— “War of Jenkins’s Ear” • Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748 • 1756–1763— Seven Years’ War • Peace of Paris, 1763 • France loses North American lands • C. Economic Challenges • Mercantilism • smugglers • often 50%+ of imports • Crisis of Public Finance • Britain, state debt 13 m pounds

  12. VI. Louis XV and the Decline of Absolutism, 1715–1774 • Louis XV (1715–74) • Cardinal Fleur, minister • Madame de Pompadour • Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson • Debt • interest: 50%+ of income

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