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Teenage Sexuality and STDs

Teenage Sexuality and STDs. Adolescent & Teenage Sexuality. A time of change, physically, mentally, and emotionally (body and mind) It takes time for people to understand who they are becoming. It can be a confusing, intense, and sometimes difficult period of time and change. Affection.

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Teenage Sexuality and STDs

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  1. Teenage Sexualityand STDs

  2. Adolescent & Teenage Sexuality • A time of change, physically, mentally, and emotionally (body and mind) • It takes time for people to understand who they are becoming. • It can be a confusing, intense, and sometimes difficult period of time and change

  3. Affection • The feelings of love or caring for someone else. Romantic Relationships • Affection • Attraction, mutual respect, commitment

  4. Adolescent/Teenage Sexuality • Sexual identity – defines how a person identifies with their own sexuality. • How you behave • How you dress • How you interact with others • How you perceive yourself and want others to perceive you • Who you are attracted to • Sexual orientation – refers to the gender in which someone is attracted.

  5. Sexual Orientation • Many stereotypes about sexual orientation (i.e., feminine appearance, masculine appearance) • Feelings of not fitting in, fears of prejudice, discrimination, and violence, deny who they are or what they feel • Chosen or genetic? Many in scientific community feel that orientation is simply not chosen. Thought to be a combination of biological (genetic), psychological, and environmental factors.

  6. Sexual Orientation • Heterosexual – romantically and physically attracted to members of the opposite sex (males attracted to females, females attracted to males). Sometimes referred to as “straight”. • Homosexual – romantically and physically attracted to people of the same sex (gay, lesbian). • Bisexual – romantically and physically attracted to both sexes.

  7. Sexual Harassment Any unwelcome advance or attention that is of a sexual nature. • Name calling • Touching, groping, rubbing against someone • Telling sexual jokes or stories • Displaying pornographic or sexist pictures, graffiti • Pressuring someone to engage in sexual activities or sexual favors • Staring, leering, whistling • Asking for sex, sexual favors • Gender/orientation related • Pressuring someone for a date

  8. RAPE Rape is forced, unwanted sexual intercourse (or sexual acts). Sometimes called sexual assault can happen to men and women of any age. • Threat of or use of force or violence • ALWAYS THE FAULT OF RAPIST • Rape is a crime, no matter who commits it (stranger, friend, acquaintance, family member) • Date rape – between two people who know each other (acquaintances or people dating, friends)

  9. RAPE What do I do if I am raped? • Know that it is not your fault • Seek medical care (the sooner the better) • Deal with your feelings by seeking emotional care

  10. DATE RAPE • Usually occurring by someone who the victim knows personally • Alcohol is often involved • Date rape drug (“roofies,” gamma hydroxybutyrate GHB, ketamine)

  11. Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs STIs – Sexually transmitted infections

  12. About STDs • Rising rates of STD’s among young people and teens • They are easily spread because it is common that you may not be able to detect if someone is infected • Sometimes people themselves that are infected may not know about it yet, and can infect others • Not only can be embarrassing, but can lead to serious health problems • Infertility (inability to reproduce or have children) • Death (i.e., HIV/AIDS)

  13. How they are spread • MYTH: You need to have sexual intercourse to be infected • TRUTH: You can become infected in several ways (depending on the infection) • Skin to skin contact (i.e., open sores of herpes or genital warts) • Oral or anal sex (infections can pass through tiny tears or cuts in the mouth or anus)

  14. How they are spread • MYTH: Only dirty or trashy people, or drug users are infected with STDs. • TRUTH: STDs can affect anyone, of any age, race, gender, or sexual orientation.

  15. What increases your risk? Sexual activity at younger ages increases the chances of becoming infected Lots of sex partners – people who are sexually intimate (not just intercourse) with many different partners are at increased risk Unprotected sex - condoms are the only form of birth control that can also decrease risk of certain STDs

  16. Abstinence • The active, conscious choice to not participate in a high risk activity. • Sex – actively choosing to not have sex.

  17. Prevention and Treatment Abstinence Regular male genital examinations or gynecological examinations for females by a doctor Exams give doctors chance to teach patients about STDs Can catch infections in early, most treatable stages Don’t let embarrassment prevent you from seeking medical attention Don’t feel comfortable at your family doctor? Local medical clinics will do exams confidentially National STD Hotline 1-800-227-8922

  18. HIV/AIDS • Chlamydia • Genital Herpes • Genital Warts • Gonorrhea • Hepatitis B (HBV) • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Pubic Lice (crabs) • Syphilis • Trichomoniasis

  19. HIV/AIDS AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV destroys the CD4 helper lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system. When the virus infects the immune system, one starts to get more serious infections that the body is not able to fight off. This condition is called AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Eventually leads to death

  20. Spread by unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex(“unprotected” - by not using a condom) By sharing needles used for drugs, steroids, or for tattooing or piercing The virus can be spread from a mother to a baby during the birthing process and by breastfeeding. All expectant mothers should be tested for HIV as it can sometimes be prevented from spreading to the child.

  21. Extreme weakness or fatigue Rapid weight loss Frequent fevers Heavy sweating at night Swollen lymph glands Rashes, genital, mouth, or anal sores from infections White spots in mouth, throat Chronic diarrhea Persistent cough Females may experience severe vaginal yeast infections Trouble remembering things

  22. HIV Cases • At the end of 2006, an estimated 1,106,400 persons in the United States were living with HIV infection, with 21% undiagnosed. from CDC. HIV Prevalence Estimates—United States, 2006. MMWR 2008;57(39):1073-76. • In 2007, there were 14,571 deaths in the U.S. from AIDS.

  23. Getting tested • At your family doctor, gynecologist, or a special AIDS clinic. (EIA, ELISA, Western Blot, rapid tests, and at home tests) Home Access Kit is only at home test approved by FDA. • Clinics can do the tests anonymously and confidentially • National AIDS Hotline • 1-800-342-AIDS (English)

  24. Chlamydia • Caused by bacterial infection • Often don’t know we have it • Painful to urinate, unusual or painful discharges from penis or vagina • Symptoms take 3 weeks to appear • If untreated, infection and inflammation of urethra, cervix (females), epididymis (males) • Treated with prescribed anti-biotics

  25. US Rates of Chlamydia • In 2008, 1,210,523 people were infected. • 401 per 100,000 • By age and gender: • Females 15-19: 3,275 per 100,000 • Males 20-24: 1,056 per 100,000

  26. Hepatitis (A, B, and C) • Hepatitis is a virus which causes an inflammation of the liver. From: • Bacterial infection • Liver injury caused by a toxin or poison • An attack of the body’s own immune system Hepatitis B is passed through sexual activity and can cause permanent liver damage if not treated. Can lead to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Hep C passed through needles and sex. contact.

  27. Hepatitis (A, B, and C) • Flu symptoms • nausea, tiredness, headache, loss of appetite • Jaundice (yellowing of skin, eyes) • Symptoms in 1-4 months • Immunization is available for HEP B • 6 months to recover after treatment

  28. Hepatitis (A,B, and C) • Sharing of drug needles or paraphernalia • Tattooing or piercing? Be sure that the shop sterilizes and uses clean equipment • Don’t share toothbrushes or razors (can be passed through cuts)

  29. Genital Herpes • Caused by a virus called herpes simplex (HSV) • May not be aware they are infected • Pain or itching from sores in genital area 2 to 20 days after being infected • Occasionally can cause sores in mouth • Sores start as red bumps, then red, watery blisters • Painful to urinate

  30. Genital Herpes • Sores can subside and go away, but virus lives inside the body • Sores will reappear during next “outbreak” • 4 – 5 outbreaks per year • Anti-viral medication to help clear up sores, ease discomfort • No cure for disease

  31. Genital Warts • Caused by HPV (human papillomavirus – over 100 types) • 30 HPV types cause genital warts • Sometime you aren’t aware you are infected • As many as 1 in 2 people can have them at some point in their lives

  32. Genital Warts • Abstinence is only 100% prevention • Condoms give some protection, but don’t cover all areas of the body that can be infected • US Govt – approved a vaccine that protect against some types of HPV that cause cervical cancer (Gardasil)

  33. Gonorrhea • Infection caused by bacteria • Burning sensation when urinating, bleeding between periods, unusual colored discharges from vagina or penis • Females symptoms may be subtle, males are more likely to notice symptoms • 2 to 7 days after being infected • Infection can move to other parts of the body (fallopian tubes, uterus, testicular area, even the throat, eyes, heart, brain, skin, and joints). • Can cause infertility in both genders if left untreated. • Treated with anti-biotics

  34. Pubic Lice • What are they? Tiny insects that cling to and crawl from coarse body and pubic hairs of sexual partners • Can be located from just above the knees, all the way up to the eyelashes • Not permanent damage to body • Treated with special shampoos and soaps to kill lice and eggs • No need to shave off body hair

  35. Syphilis • Cause by bacteria (spirochete) • Passed from direct contact with a syphilis sore during sex • Steady increase in cases since the 1990’s • Easily treatable in early stages • Chancre sores don’t hurt, often just one red sore before disappearing, caused by bacteria • Secondary syphilis will show in form of rash, latent (hidde), tertiary (worst case) • Antibiotics used to treat (easily if caught early) • Untreated can lead to brain damage, organ damage, and cause major birth defects

  36. Trichomoniasis • One of most common STD’s • Caused from parasite • Can live outside the body for about an hour (towels, washcloths, bathing suits) • It is curable with antibiotics • Girls: vaginitis (inflammation), grey/green discharge • Guys: temporary itching inside the penis, mild burning when urinating • 5-28 days after exposure

  37. PID – pelvic inflammatory disease • Developed in females • Infection of fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, or ovaries • Most girls develop after other untreated STD’s • More than 1,000,000 every year develop • Scarring of reproductive organs, ectopic pregnancy (fetus in tube, not uterus), Tubo-Ovarian Abscess (collection of fluid)

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