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The Spark of World War I: Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism

Learn about the causes of World War I, including militarism, imperialism, and nationalism. Explore events like the Moroccan Crises, tensions between Germany and France, the Algeciras Conference, and the Schlieffen Plan. Understand the complexities of Balkan crises, the rise of nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that ignited the war. Discover the critical moments and decisions that led to the outbreak of one of the deadliest conflicts in history.

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The Spark of World War I: Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism

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  1. Causes of WW I Militarism and Imperialism/ Nationalism

  2. Imperialism • Moroccan Crises (1905 & 1911) • tension between Germ. & Fr. • Germany Declared support for an independent Morocco • In attempt to Frustrate French • Break up French English Alliance

  3. Algeçiras Conference • Conference in 1906 in Algerciras • Discussion of What to Happen in Morocco • Britain Supports French • Alliance Strong

  4. War averted • Morocco to be independent • France to be responsible to internal order • Crisis to Reignite in 1911 • German Warship the Panther to Agadir sent to protect German Nationals against possible native uprising • No Actual Germans in the Area • Seen As SABRE RATTLING

  5. Attempt to Assert German Power • Weltpolitik • The name given towards Germany’s move towards global stature after 1894 • An aggressive foreign policy (see Realpolitik) • Kaiser to attempt to intervene in several international affairs • Moroccan Crisis • German intervention in the Japan Korea war • Intervention into Armenian massacre

  6. Naval Race for the Seas • One of Kaiser Wilhelm’s key ideas • Aimed at Challenging Britain • Goal to build a fleet 2/3rd size of Britain • Along with base in North to neutralize a British threat

  7. British Reactions • British Ships called Home • Had Capacity to out build the Germans • 2 power standard • Ability to Defeat two of the largest battle fleets combined • Had Japanese look after their Asian interests in return for attempting to moderate attitudes towards the Japanese

  8. U Boat • 1906 German’s produce First U boat • Rejected an idea to blockade the British Isles with U boats assumed war would be over to soon • 22 used in service

  9. British Dreadnought • Dreadnought • Huge ship • Big guns

  10. Public Reaction • Expensive Endeavour • German Belief that Naval Fleet was a strong and admirable pursuit for a nation • British Battle Cry • “We want eight and we won’t wait” • Wanted Dreadnaughts

  11. Disarmament Talks • Hague Peace Conferences (1899 & 1907) • Just an attempt • Some success: • Dumdum bullets were banned. • Bullets which Flattened or expanded in the body

  12. Schlieffen Plan • Germany Facing a two front war • Plan to destroy who ever mobilized first then regroup • Decision to destroy France First • Smaller Army • Faster to mobilize • Go through Belgium to access France

  13. What were the Flaws in the plan? • Germany would be named an aggressor • Violating Belgian Neutrality due to French forces conglomerated on the Rhineland • Leaving A.H to fend for themselves against the Serbs for a time

  14. Balkan Crisis • Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia- Herzegovina (1908): • Serbia angered mobilized troops. • Russian angered, b/c not consulted • No war…yet.

  15. First Balkan War (1912): • Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro fight against Turks • Second Balkan War (1913): • Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Rumania and Turkey fight against Bulgaria

  16. Both of these wars created more tension between: • Turkey and Balkan countries. • Austria-Hungary and Serbia • Germany and Russia

  17. NATIONALISM THE FINAL “ISM”

  18. Issues with Nationalism • Nationalism ignored in favor of peace during the Congress of Vienna • Germany/Italy being left as divided states • Many thought the war would be short and with a decisive victor • They Supported their Governments

  19. Nationalism • A.H. • Made up of 50 million • Less then Half of its population was Austro or Hungarian • Slavs ( most vocal/ Restless) • Polish • Slovaks • Italians • Czechs • Croats

  20. The Plot thickens • Slavs Wanted to join with Serbia • Form A United Slavic Kingdom • Turkey has Interests • Russia has interests • Austria Hungary has interests • Slightest issue could trigger total war: The powder keg.

  21. Assassination of Franz The Shot heard Around the World

  22. The shot that was heard around the world • Gavrilo Princip • Black Hand • Serbian Nationalist group

  23. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife

  24. Chain Reaction • Austria-Hungary’s “ultimatum” • Serbia rejects any violation of its sovereignty. • A.H. refuses to go the World Court in The Hague • Militarists in Germany and A.H. wanted war. • Germany’s “blank cheque” http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/blankcheque.htm

  25. The Ultimatum • Stop All Anti Austria Hungarian activity • Removal All officials guilty of carrying out anti Austrian sentiment • Allow Austria Hungary to Conduct its own investigation • Prevent the Smuggling of weapons across common borders • Make Explanations for Serbians officials Home and Abroad that express Hostility towards AH

  26. France gives assurances to Russia • Germany is alarmed…two front war.

  27. Germany wanted to access Belgium, issues an Ultimatum • Belgium’s neutrality was guaranteed by Britain. • The war is on by August 3, 1914

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