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The Effects of Plate Tectonics

The Effects of Plate Tectonics. What Is Plate Tectonics. On the inside of the Earth there is a sea of molten magma. Continental plates float on the “sea”. The plates are always in motion as they drift along. Pangaea separated long ago to the place the continents are now. Rifts and Trenches.

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The Effects of Plate Tectonics

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  1. The Effects of Plate Tectonics

  2. What Is Plate Tectonics • On the inside of the Earth there is a sea of molten magma. • Continental plates float on the “sea”. • The plates are always in motion as they drift along. • Pangaea separated long ago to the place the continents are now.

  3. Rifts and Trenches • In the oceans are rifts where magma comes from inside the Earth. • Rifts are found where two plates come together. • The rising magma pushes the ocean plates apart. • Trenches are places where the ocean plates slip under the continental plates. • As the upper part of the plate moves outward toward the trench, the lower part moves back toward the rift. • The process of making the new plate and getting rid of the old is called Subduction.

  4. Oceanic Plate Movement

  5. Mountains of Fire • Most volcanoes are located along rifts or faults where plates come together. • Pressure builds up from heat and pressure of plates. • Pressure is released eventually as an eruption, throwing magma in the air and sending lava flowing. • There are four types of volcanoes. • Cinder cones are made from mostly volcanic ash. • Composites are made from alternating layers of ash and pyroclastic flows (lava). • Shield volcanoes are very big and broad formed mainly from pyroclastic flows. • Lava domes are bubbles of hardened lava with liquid magma centers. • Here are some PDF files about volcanoes.

  6. Fault + Stress = Earthquake • Two continental plates come together at a fault and begin to push on each other • Over time (usually several years), the plates build up pressure against each other. • Eventually, so much pressure builds up that the plates buckle or slip past each other. This is an earthquake.

  7. Types of Faults • (A) is known as a transform fault or slip fault since the plates slip past each other. More on transform faults here. • (B) is a divergent fault. The plates here move apart or diverge from each other. More on divergent faults here. • (C) is a convergent fault. Its plates come together until one goes under the other one. More on convergent faults here

  8. Summary • Giant plates under the continents • Pangaea broke up due to continental drift. • Rifts and trenches in the ocean floor where new and old sea floor is made and destroyed (Subduction) • Plates come together at faults. • Four types of volcanoes occur at faults and rifts. • Earthquakes happen when too much stress is put on a fault which is then released. • There are three types of faults where earthquakes occur.

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