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DNA Structure

DNA Structure. DNA replication. When DNA replicates it unwinds and complimentary bases Adenine – Thymine Guanine- Cytosine Are added to a new daughter strand. Protein synthesis. DNA is instructions for building a protein. The DNA is decoded by messenger RNA, mRNA.

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DNA Structure

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  1. DNA Structure

  2. DNA replication • When DNA replicates it unwinds and complimentary bases • Adenine – Thymine • Guanine- Cytosine • Are added to a new daughter strand.

  3. Protein synthesis • DNA is instructions for building a protein. • The DNA is decoded by messenger RNA, mRNA. • mRNA then carries the information to the ribosome of a cell. • Transfer RNA, tRNA, then adds specific amino acids in order to build the protein.

  4. Lipids • Lipids are biochemical compounds defined by being insoluble in water. • There are 4 classes of Lipids: • Fatty Acids • Waxes • Phospholipids • Steroids

  5. Fatty Acids • Fatty acids are carboxylic acid chains. • Vegetable oil and animal fats are triglycerides. • Triglycerides- esters of glycerol bound to 3 fatty acids • The primary function of triglycerides is storage of energy. • These fats can be saturated (with hydrogen) • They can also be unsaturated, meaning they have double bonds decreasing the amount of hydrogen.

  6. Triglycerides

  7. Phospholipids • Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides but only have 2 fatty acids instead of 3. • They also have a phosphate group attached to the glycerol. • Phospholipids are needed in cell membranes.

  8. Waxes • Waxes are long carbon chain esters. • They are solids at room temperature. • They provide water proof coatings on leaves. • They are used in crayons, lip stick, candles, and a variety of other things.

  9. Steroids • Steroids are a class of lipids that have a characteristic 4 carbon rings linked together.

  10. Common Steroids • Cholesterol- starting material for many steroid molecules. A build up of cholesterol in the arteries has been linked to heart attacks • Testosterone- male sex hormone • Progesterone/Estrogen- female sex hormones • Cortisone- reduces inflammation pain and swelling

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