1. Relationships between organisms Standard 4 Key Idea 6 PI 6.1 MU 6.1g http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/symbiosis.htm http://animals.about.com/od/evolution/ss/evolution_9.htm

2. Bell Ringer Question Mosquitoes and humans A mosquito bites a human and feeds on human blood. Which organism benefits? Which organism is harmed? The mosquito The human

3. Today’s outline • Producer/ consumer • Predator/ prey • Symbiosis (parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism) • Scavenger • Decomposer

4. Relationships between organisms may be negative, neutral, or positive. Examples Negative: parasitism Neutral: commensalism Positive: mutualism

5. Producer/ consumer • Producer: use the sunlight to produce energy (plants, algae) • Consumer: use energy from producer. (usually animals.) ; heterotroph • Consumers eat producers.

6. Predator/ prey • Predator kills and eats the prey. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120222154633.htm

7. Symbiosis Symbiosis: a intimate relationship between two species that live closely. Examples • Parasitism (+,-) • Commensalism (+,0) • Mutualism (+,+)

8. Parasitism (+,-) • One organism (the parasite) benefits. (+) • The other organism (the host) is harmed. (-) Examples Athletes’ food fungus (parasite) on humans (host) http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20307059_8,00.html

9. Parasitism (+,-) con’t • Examples con’t Tapeworms (parasites) in humans and pigs Signs: diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/T-Ty/Tapeworm.html

10. Parasitism (+,-) con’t • Examples con’t Heartworms (parasites) in dogs (hosts) -The parasite infects the heart muscle of the dog and kills it. -A mosquito carries the larvae of heart worms. http://www.bucknerterraceanimal.com/Pages/Heartworms.aspx http://www.cesarsway.com/heartworm-awareness/Symptoms-of-Worms-in-Dogs

11. Commensalism (+,0) • One organism is benefited. (+) • The other organism is neither harmed nor benefited. (0) Examples -Barnacle-whale -Orchid-tree -Remora-shark

12. Commensalism example 1: orchids and trees • The barnacle has access to food-rich waters. • The whale is neither harmed nor benefited.

13. Commensalism example 2: orchids and trees • The tree provides a stable environment to orchids. • The tree is neither harmed or benefited.

14. Commensalism example 3: remora and shark • The remora eats food particles on the shark. The shark is neither harmed or benefited.

15. Mutualism (+,+) • Both organisms benefit from each other. • Examples -nitrogen fixing bacteria and roots of plants (i.e. beans) -protozoa and termites -algae and fungi

16. Mutualism (+,+) example 1bacteria and roots of leguminous plants -Bacteria obtain nutrients such as sugar from roots. -Roots obtain nitrates from bacteria. Notes: leguminous plants include beans, peas, and clover. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/106760/The-roots-of-an-Austrian-winter-pea-plant-with-nodules

17. Mutualism (+,+) example 2protozoa and termite • The protozoa get nutrients in the termite’s intestine. • The termite benefits because the protozoa digest wood. http://www.rikenresearch.riken.jp/eng/frontline/6132

18. Mutualism (+,+) example 3algae and fungi in a lichen • Algae food to fungi • Fungi moist surface for algae

19. Video: Symbiosis: Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism(Fill out the handout.) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q

20. Scavenger • Scavengers eat dead animals. (Some scavengers eat dead plants.)

21. Decomposer • Decompose (break down) dead organisms and return nutrients into the soil.

22. Exit ticket question 1 • What are the three types of symbiosis you learned in class?

23. Exit ticket question 2 Regents June 2010 # 43