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Introduction To Accessibility

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  1. Introduction To Accessibility Kara Harkins March 29, 2019 #WITSMA19 @kara_h

  2. Getting a bit meta … • Talk (don’t worry, just a few basics) • Tools to use • A few examples to get used to thinking accessibility • Three Q&A sections interspersed on slides Note that examples are for web but can help with general accessibility (like alt text). Oh, and yes, I am always finding things to tweak on my own pages. Accessibility is never done.

  3. BACKGROUND • WCAG 2.0 (3 levels) • Level A  Good! • Level AA Yay!! • Level AAA  WOW!!! • ADA • Section 508 • Current version is basically a copy/paste of WCAG 2.0 • Required for government and some others

  4. Main disability Issues • Hearing • Vision • Color Blindness • Physical Ability • Cognition (Often hardest accessibility issues for reengineering sites) • Neurodiversity (can include autism, ADHD, etc) • Learning Disabilities • Yes, temporary disabilities are included

  5. Why care? • Access for all is A Good Thing • Promotes good coding • See getting buy-in

  6. How to Convince Others (getting buy-in) • A must if government (and some others) • What if your main user were temporarily disabled? • What if a new user is disabled? • What if a developer becomes disabled? • More users that can access site

  7. CMS (Content Management systems) • Big help with accessibility as they already handle many things so you can focus on accessibility of content • Wordpress • Drupal (8 is great) • Joomla! • Various PHP/MySQL based systems • Commonspot, etc ….

  8. Questions?????? • #WITSMA19 • @kara_h

  9. Quick tests • Can you navigate without a mouse? • Run WAVE or another tool • BEST test: tests by people with various disabilities

  10. Other Low Hanging Fruit • Use alt text (except for borders, logos, and spacers) • Not all images use an alt, decorative borders and spacers for example • Only use tables for data (use divs for positioning) • Form labels • H1, H2, H3, H4 … • Start using CSS (ideally linked stylesheets) • Aria (for low vision) is simply tags, but beyond scope of this course • Add lang=‘en’ to <html> tags • Fix glaring HTML issues • Links should be descriptive, not ‘click here’ • Run an accessibility checker (like WAVE) on the site for more ideas

  11. colorblindness • Test for different conditions: • https://www.toptal.com/designers/colorfilter

  12. CONTRAST • Check any proposed colors: • https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/

  13. Tools • Firefox • WAVE Accessibility Extension • Accessibility in Tools->Web Developer->Accessibility • Chrome (and chromium based browsers) • WAVE Accessibility Extension • Siteimprove Accessibility Checker • Safari • Turn on voice (look up how to turn on/off) • Microsoft Edge (will use chrome extensions in future) • Page Analyzer

  14. Questions?????? Install wave • #WITSMA19 • @kara_h

  15. Why CSS stylesheets? • Allows overriding by users • Trend for things like <font> tags is to go away • Allows display code to be future proofed • The more text the better for accessibility technologies • Separating content and display is good design • Use relative sizing rather than pixel sizing (general tip)

  16. <img> examples • NO • <imgsrc=‘dog-2280748_960_720.jpg’> • <imgsrc=‘dog-2280748_960_720.jpg’ alt=‘an animal’> • <imgsrc=‘line.gif’ alt=‘a pretty line’> • YES • <imgsrc=‘dog-2280748_960_720.jpg’ alt=‘brown puppy with tan spots sitting on a tan couch’>

  17. LINK Example NO Hardcoding a <STYLE></STYLE> section Using style=“…..” in an element Leaving out any attribute in the example below YES In <head> section -> <LINK rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” href=“default.css”>

  18. Form element example NO <p>University <input type=‘text’ id=‘universityname’></p> YES <p><label for=‘universityname’>University</label> <input type=‘text’ id=‘universityname’></p>

  19. <html> examples NO • <html> • <html class=’pageclass’> YES • <html lang=‘en’> • <html lang=‘jp’> • <html lang=‘en’ class=‘pageclass’>

  20. Questions BEFORE LOOKING AT SITES? • #WITSMA19 • @kara_h

  21. WAVE demo (extension or wave.webaim.org)

  22. WAVE: www.google.com • Yes, even google shows errors so need to • analyze what it reports.

  23. Wave: www.yahoo.com More possible errors than google

  24. Wave: www.twitter.com/login • Note when not logged in username and • password fields are bad.

  25. Wave: www.irs.gov Remember possible errors are not errors

  26. Questions?????? Other sites? • #WITSMA19 • @kara_h

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