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Animal Nutrition

Animal Nutrition. Nutritional Requirements. Undernourished not enough calories Overnourished too many calories Malnourished missing one or more essential nutrients. Essential Nutrients. Essential Amino Acids Essential Fatty Acids Essential Vitamins Essential Minerals.

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Animal Nutrition

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  1. Animal Nutrition

  2. Nutritional Requirements • Undernourished • not enough calories • Overnourished • too many calories • Malnourished • missing one or more essential nutrients

  3. Essential Nutrients • Essential Amino Acids • Essential Fatty Acids • Essential Vitamins • Essential Minerals

  4. Essential Amino Acids • Found in proteins • 20 different types • Nine essential in humans • all in animal proteins • vegetarians need to eat grains and beans

  5. Essential Fatty Acids • Unsaturated fatty acids • used to make phospholipids for membranes

  6. Essential Vitamins • Fat Soluble • stored in fat • K, A, D, E • Water Soluble • excreted in urine • B complex and C

  7. Essential Minerals • Inorganic nutrients • Calcium & Phosphorous • bones • Iron • anemia • Iodine • thyroid hormones • Sodium, Chlorine, & Potassium • nerve function, water regulation

  8. Food Types • Heterotrophic • Herbivores • Carnivores • Omnivores • Insectivores

  9. Feeding Adaptations • Suspension Feeders

  10. Feeding Adaptations • Substrate Feeders

  11. Feeding Adaptations • Fluid Feeders

  12. Feeding Adaptations • Bulk Feeders

  13. Intracellular Digestion • Inside cells • All animals • Exclusive in: • Protista • Porifera

  14. Extracellular Digestion • Outside cells • All animals above the sponges • Two Types • Gastrovascular Cavity • Alimentary Canal

  15. Gastrovascular Cavity • One opening • Found in Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes

  16. Alimentary Canal • Two openings • Allows for specialization • Mouth • Pharynx • Esophagus • Crop • Gizzard • Stomach • Intestine • Anus

  17. Mammalian Digestion • Accessory Glands • salivary glands • pancreas • liver (emulsification) • gallbladder • Peristalsis • Sphincters • “Food” • bolus • acid chyme • feces

  18. Macromolecule Digestion

  19. Dentition and Diet • Nonmammal vertebrates • Carnivores • canines (grasping) • incisors (tearing) • molars and premolars • (crushing and grinding) • Herbivores • Omnivores

  20. Digestive Tracts • Carnivores • shorter digestive system • small cecum • Herbivores • longer digestive system • large cecum

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