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Understanding Atomic Structure: The Basics of Atoms and Subatomic Particles

This guide explores the fundamental concepts of atomic structure, focusing on the atom as the smallest particle of matter, primarily composed of empty space and existing in a neutral state. Learn about the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and the electron shells where negatively charged electrons orbit. Explore the characteristics of the three primary subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons, including their charges and masses. Understand terms like atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and how ions are formed by adding or removing electrons to achieve stability.

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Understanding Atomic Structure: The Basics of Atoms and Subatomic Particles

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  1. Atomic Structure

  2. The Atom • Smallest whole particle of matter • Mostly empty space • Always neutral

  3. Atom is Neutral • # of protons is the same as the number of electrons • Protons = + • Electrons = -

  4. Areas of an Atom • The Nucleus • Center • Protons & Neutrons • Positively charged

  5. Areas con’t. • Orbits or Shells • Moving electrons • Cloudlike • Negatively charged

  6. The Subatomic Particles • Proton • Charge = +1 • Mass = 1 amu • Abbreviation = p+ • # protons = atomic number

  7. The Subatomic Particles • Neutron • No charge • Mass = 1 amu • Abbreviation = n

  8. The Subatomic Particles • Electron • Charge = -1 • Mass = .0005amu • Abbreviation = e-

  9. The Subatomic Particles

  10. Terms • Atomic number = # protons • Ex: carbon = 6, Boron = 5 • Mass number = # protons + # neutrons

  11. Mass # Atomic # Isotopes • Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. • Nuclear symbol: • Hyphen notation: carbon-12 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  12. Information on the PT

  13. Calculating Particles 11 Na 22.989 Atomic # = 11 Atomic Mass = 22.989

  14. Calculating Particles 11 Na 22.989 11 protons (atomic #) 11 electrons (same as p+) 12 neutrons (mass #)

  15. Making Ions • Add or remove e- • Remove = cation (+) • Add = anion (-)

  16. Stable Atoms • Have 8 e- in the outermost orbit • The noble gases

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