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Government and Politics during the Renaissance and Reformation

Government and Politics during the Renaissance and Reformation. Government starts to take a turn. Church had been most powerful for a long time Set the rules Determined kings and nobles Had influence over people Changes cause new powers

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Government and Politics during the Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. Government and Politics during the Renaissance and Reformation

  2. Government starts to take a turn • Church had been most powerful for a long time • Set the rules • Determined kings and nobles • Had influence over people • Changes cause new powers • Church and Pope control Rome but other areas report only to kings

  3. Monarchies • Monarchy: rule by Kings and Queens develop throughout Europe • Won approval of people as depended less on church • Ended feudalism and limitations it brought • Created national armies • Collected taxes from poor and powerless to feul their reign

  4. France • Gained power after 100 years war. • Created permanent professional army • Charles VII was a great leader and established country for son Louis XI. • Louis XI was aggressive and gained land but France lacked leadership after his death

  5. Spain • Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon helped to unify Spanish Monarchy • 2 separate states now joined and shared govt. • By unifying they were able to control nobility and secure borders, and force christianity throughout area. Used this to promote national unity • Used the Inquisition to their advantage

  6. Spanish Inquisition • It was a court used to try cases of heresy. Ran by Tomas de Torquemada. • Jews and Muslims were forced to convert to Christianity and monitored by the Inquisition. • If they did not convert, if they were speaking out against the church (heresy) or guilty of another crime then they would be taken before the Inquisition and tortured until they confessed. Then they were often killed. • Designed to keep order and control in Spain and to form a Christian state by killing all suspected Muslims and Jews.

  7. Marriages • Ferdinand and Isabella’s daughter Catherine of Aragon married Arthur of England. • Arthur died young and Catherine married his younger brother Henry VIII who became King of England.

  8. Tudor Dynasty • Henry Tudor (VII) overthrew Richard III to gain power of England in 1485. • He married Elizabeth of York who was daughter of arch rival Edward IV in order to unify England and make his reign undisputable. • His son Henry VIII took the throne in 1509

  9. Henry VIII • Came to power in 1509 • Originally opposed ideas of Reformation (Luther) • Even given title “Defender of Faith” from Pope Leo X • Married Catherine of Aragon but only gave him one child (daughter Mary) • Controversial marriage to begin with because was married to his brother but church allowed it • By 1527 like Anne Boleyn on of Catherine’s Ladies in waiting but needed an annulment

  10. Henry Creates “Church of England” • Convinces Parliament to declare the King of England to have Supreme Authority over all affairs religious or secular • 1533 Henry secretly weds Anne Boleyn who is pregnant • Those that did not accept his changes he had executed including Thomas More and John Fisher who was Bishop of Rochester

  11. Wives • Anne Boleyn Gave him Princess Elizabeth and then had 2 miscarriages 1 of which was a boy. • Was executed with brother on charges of adultry • Betrothed to Jane Seymour within 24 hours of Anne’s Execution • Jane born him a son Edward and died 2 weeks later • Anne of Cleves married for 7 months “misfit” • Kathryn Howard cousin to Anne Boleyn young and vivacious. Executed for infidelity • Katherine Parr last wife. Henry died he married Jane Seymour’s brother and died shortly after childbirth

  12. Queen Mary I • Henry VIII’s eldest daughter who took the throne after Edward’s death • Wanted to restore the Catholic faith in the land. • Given the name “Bloody Mary” because had more than 300 people killed due to heresy • Imprisioned her sister Elizabeth because she was well liked “Protestant Savior” • Faked her own pregnancy. Ovarian cyst?

  13. Queen Elizabeth I • Ruled over Elizabethan Age characterized by developments in fashion, arts, literature, etc. • Not focused on religion and politics as much • Very intelligent and an excellent ruler • Never was married and people speculate why. • Saw how dad treated his wives • Used her power to play suitors to her favor and making alliances

  14. End of the Tudor Dynasty • Some supported Mary Queen of Scots as the rightful Queen of England. She was the granddaughter of Margaret. Henry VIII’s older sister • Was exiled from her country. Wanted protection from Elizabeth, but Elizabeth knew she was a threat and had her executed. • When Elizabeth dies James Stuart I, son of Mary Queen of Scots takes the throne

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