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3D Game Engine

3D Game Engine. Agung Toto Wibowo http://gameprogramming.blog.ittelkom.ac.id/blog/ Materi tutorial diambil dari wiki Ogre : http://www.ogre3d.org/wiki/index.php/Ogre_Tutorials. Game Engine. game engine is a software system designed for the creation and development of video games .

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3D Game Engine

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  1. 3D Game Engine Agung Toto Wibowo http://gameprogramming.blog.ittelkom.ac.id/blog/ Materi tutorial diambil dari wiki Ogre : http://www.ogre3d.org/wiki/index.php/Ogre_Tutorials

  2. Game Engine • game engine is a software system designed for the creation and development of video games. • core functionality : • rendering engine (“renderer”) for 2D or 3D graphics, • a physics engine or collision detection (and collision response), • sound, scripting, & animation, • artificial intelligence, • networking, streaming, • memory management, threading, and a scene graph

  3. Game Engine • sometimes called "game middleware" • provide a flexible and reusable software platform • provides all the core functionality needed, • reducing costs, complexities, and time-to-market • Some game engines only provide real-time 3D rendering capabilities • "graphics engine," "rendering engine," or "3D engine“ • RealmForge, Truevision3D, OGRE, Crystal Space, Genesis3D, Irrlicht and JMonkey Engine.

  4. Ogre 3DEngine • OGRE (Object-oriented Graphics Rendering Engine) adalah open source rendering engine grafik yang ditulisdandimaintainolehtimintikecil, • http://www.ogre3d.org/about/team • Telahberkembangluasmenjadikomunitas • http://www.ogre3d.org/ • Well documented and tutorial • http://www.ogre3d.org/wiki/index.php/Ogre_Tutorials

  5. Fiturpada Ogre • Fitur Ogre meliputi : productivity, platform & 3D API, material / shader, mesh, scene feature, special Effect, danfitur-fiturpentinglainnya. • Productivity : • Desain interface OO sederhanadanmudahdipergunakan • Independent terhadapimplementasi 3D (Direct 3D, OpenGL, Glide dansebagainya • Frame work yang extensible • Desain yang baik, teratur, dandokumentasipenuhterhadapsemua class engine • platform & 3D API, • Direct3D (mensupport DirectX 7 dan 9) dan OpenGL; • Support terhadap Windows (semuaversiutama), Linux dan Mac OSX; • Dapatdibangunpada Visual C++ 6, Visual C++ .NET, Visual C++ .NET 2003 dan Visual C++ 2005 pada Windows (STLportdibutuhkanuntukversi Visual C++ sebelum 2003); • Dapatdibangunpadagcc 3+ di Linux dan Mac OSX .

  6. Fiturpada Ogre • material / shader, • Pengelolaan asset material bisadiluarkode • Mendukungfungsioperasi multi texture, danmultipass blending, pembangunandanpengubahankoordinattekstur, operasiwarnadan alpha blend • Mendukung texture file-file PNG, JPEG TGA, BMP, DDS danbeberapa format yang tidakstandarlainnya • mesh, • Menerima format data mesh, memisahkankonsepdari vertex buffers, index buffers, vertex declarations dan buffer mappings • Dapatmengeksportdaribeberapamodelling tools (Milkshape3D, 3D Studio Max, Maya, Blenderdan Wings3D) • Patch Biquadric Bezier padapermukaanlengkung; • Progressive meshes (LOD) ; • scene feature, dan special Effect,

  7. Instalasi Ogre • File SDK adadihttp://www.ogre3d.org/download/sdk

  8. Instalasi Ogre • Berbagaitambahanplugindisediakanoleh Ogre, termasuk Ogre SDK Wizzard. • http://sourceforge.net/projects/ogreconglo/files/

  9. Memulai Ogre • Buataplikasidengannama “TutorialApplication” melalui Ogre SDK Wizzard • Kita akanberkonsentrasipadakodeberikut : class TutorialApplication : public ExampleApplication { protected: public: TutorialApplication() { }   ~TutorialApplication() { } protected: void createScene(void) { } };

  10. Pembangun Ogre • SceneManager • Memanagesemua yang munculpadalayar • Objek, plane, billboards, light, dansebagainya • type ScneneManager : Octree, Terrain, Nature, Paging, BSP, DotSceneOctree, Portal Connected Zone, Myrddins Paging Landscape, Editable Terrain, dan Planet Rendering Engine • Entitas • Object (mesh 3D) yang direnderpadasebuah scene. • Contoh : Sebuah robot, ikan, terrain • Object direndermelihataspeklokasi, danorientasi • Tidaklangsungmenempatkansebuah entity pada scene, melainkanharusditempelkanpadasebuah object SceneNode

  11. Pembangun Ogre • SceneNode • mentracklokasidanorientasisemuaobjek yang ditempelkanpadanya • SceneNodedapatmemilikibeberapa object yang ditempelkankepadanya • PosisiSceneNodeselalu relative terhadapparentSceneNode, dansetiapSceneManagermemiliki root node (lokasisemuaSceneNodediletakkan)

  12. MeletakkanObjek • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createScene() // mensetpencahayaan mSceneMgr->setAmbientLight( ColourValue( 1, 1, 1 ) ); // menambahkanobjekke scene. Entity *ent1 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node1 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode" ); node1->attachObject( ent1 ); • Kompile, danjalankanaplikasi

  13. KoordinatdanVektor • Sumbu x dan z sebagaibidanghorisontal, dansumbu y adalahsumbuvertikal. • Sumbu x akanberjalandarikirikekanan monitor • Sumbu y sejajardenganbawahkeatas monitor, • Sumbu z adalaharahmenujudanmenjauhdari monitor, • class Vector untukmerepresentasikanposisidanarah • 2 (Vector2), 3 (Vector3), dan 4 (Vector4)

  14. MenambahkanObjek • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createScene() yang telahkitaubahtadi. // menambahkan robot keduadenganlokasibergeser 50 unit dari robot pertama. Entity *ent2 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot2", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node2 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode2", Vector3( 50, 0, 0 ) ); node2->attachObject( ent2 ); • Kompile, danjalankan program

  15. Beberapa Method Penting • Entity • Entity::setVisible, • Entity::isVisible, • Entity::getName, • Entity::getParentSceneNode • SceneNode • SceneNode::getPosition, • SceneNode::setPosition, • SceneNode:: translate, • SceneNode:: scale, • SceneNode::yaw, • SceneNode::pitch, • SceneNode::roll, • SceneNode::resetOrientation, • SceneNode::setOrientation, • SceneNode::getOrientation, • SceneNode::rotate

  16. Translasi • UbahkodepadaTutorialApplication::createScene() menjadisepertidibawahini Entity *ent1 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node1 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode" ); node1->attachObject( ent1 ); Entity *ent2 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot2", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node2 = node1->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode2", Vector3(0, 0, 0 ) ); node2->attachObject( ent2 ); node2->translate( Vector3( 50, 0, 10 ) ); // ubah-ubahnilaidisini, makakedua robot masihberjaraksama. Kenapa??? node1->translate( Vector3( 10, 0, 10 ) ); • Kompile, danjalankan program

  17. Penskalaan • UbahkodepadaTutorialApplication::createScene() menjadisepertidibawahini Entity *ent1 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node1 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode" ); node1->attachObject( ent1 );  node1->scale( .5, 1, 2 ); Entity *ent2 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot2", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node2 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode2", Vector3( 50, 0, 0 ) ); node2->attachObject( ent2 );  node2->scale( 1, 2, 1 ); • Kompile, danjalankan program

  18. Rotasi • Kita dapatmerotasikanobjekdenganmempergunakan method yaw, pitch, dan roll baikdalam degree ataudalam radian. Entity *ent1 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node1 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode" ); node1->attachObject( ent1 );  node1->yaw( Degree( -90 ) ); Entity *ent2 = mSceneMgr->createEntity( "Robot2", "robot.mesh" ); SceneNode *node2 = mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode( "RobotNode2", Vector3( 50, 0, 0 ) ); node2->attachObject( ent2 );  node2->pitch( Degree( -90 ) ); • Kompile, danjalankan program

  19. Kamera, BayangandanCahaya • Sebelumlebihlanjutmencobakamera, bayangandancahayapadaogre, kitaakanubahterlebihdahulukodepada class TutorialApplicationdenganmenambahkan method berikut virtual void createCamera(void) { }   virtual void createViewports(void) { }   void createScene(void) { Entity *ent; Light *light; }

  20. Kameradan Viewport • Kamera • objek special yang berkerjasepertiSceneNode • dipergunakanuntukmelihat scene • memilikifungsisetPosition, yaw, roll, dan pitch, danbisakita attach padaSceneNode • Viewport • menentukan scene manapadakamera yang akankita render

  21. MembuatKamera • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createCamera() // create the camera mCamera = mSceneMgr->createCamera("PlayerCam"); // set its position, direction mCamera->setPosition(Vector3(0,10,500)); mCamera->lookAt(Vector3(0,0,0)); mCamera->setNearClipDistance(5); • Perintahpertamamembuatkameradengannama “PlayerCam” • Perintahkeduamensetposisidarikamera, sedangperintahberikutnyamensetarahpandangkamera • Perintahterakhirmenentukanjarakterdekat yang terlihatkamera. • UntukmensetjarakterjauhgunakansetFarClipDistance.

  22. Membuat Viewport • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createViewport() // Create one viewport, entire window Viewport* vp = mWindow->addViewport(mCamera); vp->setBackgroundColour(ColourValue(0,0,0)); // mengubah aspect ratio camera mCamera->setAspectRatio( Real(vp->getActualWidth()) / Real(vp->getActualHeight()) ); • Perintahmembuat viewport denganmenempelkansebuahkamerapada viewport. • Perintahkeduamenset background dari viewport. • Menset aspect ratio dari viewport.

  23. Bayangan (shadow) • SceneManagermemilikifungsisetShadowTechniqueuntukmenset type bayangan yang kitainginkan • Untukmencoba shadow pada Ogre, tambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createScene(); mSceneMgr->setAmbientLight(ColourValue(0, 0, 0)); mSceneMgr->setShadowTechnique(SHADOWTYPE_STENCIL_ADDITIVE); // menambahkanobjek ent = mSceneMgr->createEntity("Ninja", "ninja.mesh"); ent->setCastShadows(true); mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode()->attachObject(ent); // membuat ground tempat shadow diproyeksikan. Plane plane(Vector3::UNIT_Y, 0); MeshManager::getSingleton().createPlane("ground", ResourceGroupManager::DEFAULT_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME, plane, 1500,1500,20,20,true,1,5,5,Vector3::UNIT_Z); ent = mSceneMgr->createEntity("GroundEntity", "ground"); mSceneMgr->getRootSceneNode()->createChildSceneNode()->attachObject(ent);

  24. Cahaya (Light) • Point (LT_POINT) • cahaya point memancarkancahayadarititikkesemuaarah • Spotlight (LT_SPOTLIGHT) • Cahayaakankeluarmelaluisuatuarahtertentu • Bisaditentukanbesarsudutlingkarandalamdanlingkaranluar • terangpada center, danlebihreduppadabagianluar • Directional (LT_DIRECTIONAL) • mensimulasikancahayajarakjauh yang menabrakapapunpada scene darisatuarah • menset directional light

  25. MembuatCahayapada Ogre[1] • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createScene light = mSceneMgr->createLight("Light1"); light->setType(Light::LT_POINT); light->setPosition(Vector3(0, 150, 250)); light->setDiffuseColour(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); light->setSpecularColour(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); • Kompiledanjalankanaplikasi. • Kita dapatkan ninja danbayangannya. • Lihatjuga ninja daridepan, makaakanterlihatada silhouette

  26. MembuatCahayapada Ogre[2] • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createScene() light = mSceneMgr->createLight("Light2"); light->setType(Light::LT_SPOTLIGHT); light->setDiffuseColour(0, 0, 1.0); light->setSpecularColour(0, 0, 1.0); light->setDirection(-1, -1, 0); light->setPosition(Vector3(300, 300, 0)); light->setSpotlightRange(Degree(35), Degree(50)); • Kompiledanjalankanaplikasi.

  27. MembuatCahayapada Ogre[3] • TambahkankodeberikutpadaTutorialApplication::createScene() light = mSceneMgr->createLight("Light3"); light->setType(Light::LT_DIRECTIONAL); light->setDiffuseColour(ColourValue(.25, .25, 0)); light->setSpecularColour(ColourValue(.25, .25, 0)); light->setDirection(Vector3( 0, -1, 1 )); • Kompiledanjalankanaplikasi.

  28. Selamatbersenang-senang

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