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Chest Surface and Pleura Cavity

Chest Surface and Pleura Cavity. Advanced Anatomy & Physiology Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia Univ. Thoracic Vertebrae. Vertebrae and Ribs. Rib Types and Sternum. Rib Anomalies. Cervical ribs. Bicipital rib (rib fusion). Bifid rib (two heads). 1 st rib. Ribs.

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Chest Surface and Pleura Cavity

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  1. Chest Surface and Pleura Cavity Advanced Anatomy & Physiology Tony Serino, Ph.D. Biology Department Misericordia Univ.

  2. Thoracic Vertebrae

  3. Vertebrae and Ribs

  4. Rib Types and Sternum

  5. Rib Anomalies Cervical ribs Bicipital rib(rib fusion) Bifid rib (two heads)

  6. 1st rib Ribs 2nd rib Crest of head Head Neck Tubercle 11th rib 12th rib

  7. Clavicle

  8. Scapula

  9. Scapular Fossa

  10. Superficial Muscles Deltopectoral triangle (contains Cephalic vein)

  11. Thoracic Apertures Superior Inferior

  12. Breast Male nipple at T4 Dermatome

  13. Female Breast Retromammary space Suspensory ligaments Tail of breast Glandular tissue and stroma

  14. Female Breast Retromammary space

  15. Blood supply to the Breast Lateral thoracic (from axillary a.) Internal thoracic a.(from subclavian) Anterior intercostals Post. Intercostals(from thoracic aorta) (Venous drainage mostly to axillary v. and internal thoracic v.)

  16. Lymphatic Drainage of Breast Axillary nodes Parasternal nodes Pectoral nodes Subareolar plexus Inferior phrenic nodes

  17. Untreated Breast Cancer

  18. Muscles of Thorax

  19. Primary muscles of respiration

  20. Only used during rapid breathing.

  21. Chest Plate

  22. Pressures affecting Breathing

  23. Inspiration

  24. Expiration

  25. Pressure changes around lung

  26. Lung Volumes

  27. Normal Lung Volumes

  28. Nerves of thoracic wall

  29. Intercostal arteries and nerves

  30. Pleura Cardiac notch Costodiaphragmatic recess Costomediastinal recess

  31. Surface to Deep Structure Alignment Bare Pericardium

  32. Respiration • External Respiration • The exchange of gas between the blood and external environment (usually includes ventilation) • Internal Respiration • The exchange of gas between the blood and the tissues • Cellular Respiration • Burning of fuel to produce energy within cells • Ventilation (Breathing) • Movement of air in and out of the lungs

  33. Respiratory Organs • Divided into: • Upper Respiratory Tract • Includes: nostrils (nares), nasal cavity, and nasopharynx • Lower Respiratory Tract • Includes: larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs • Conducting Air passages include: nares to terminal bronchioles • Move air to respiratory membrane • Condition the air • Moisten, Warm, Clean

  34. Trachea

  35. Trachea (x.s.)

  36. Mucous Membrane(pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

  37. Bronchi • Primary bronchi lead to to each lung (left and right) • Secondary (lobar) bronchi lead to each lung lobe (3 on right and 2 on left)

  38. Cadaver Lungs

  39. Lobes of Right Lung

  40. Lobes of Left Lung

  41. Tertiary Bronchi Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Bronchi Branches Tertiary (segmental) bronchi lead to each lung broncho-pulmonary segment Bronchi continue to divide at least 20 more times.

  42. Broncho-pulmonary Segments

  43. Lung Blood Supply PA PV Note: blood supply to respiratory surface; airway blood supplied bybronchial a. (branch of aorta)

  44. Blood pathways Bronchi PA PV

  45. Bronchioles • Air passages less than 1 mm in diameter are bronchioles. • The terminal bronchioles are the last of the purely conducting air passages.

  46. Alveoli highly specialized for Gas Exchange • Lots of Surface Area • Highly vascular • Thin walls

  47. Lung Tissue

  48. Alveolus

  49. P = pressure to collapse T = surface tension r = radius Role of surfactant is to decrease surface tension in alveoli.

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