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Reform in Industrial Britain

Reform in Industrial Britain. The Race to Industrialize. Mass Industrialization spread very quickly and was very profitable for businessmen and the British empire

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Reform in Industrial Britain

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  1. Reform in Industrial Britain

  2. The Race to Industrialize • Mass Industrialization spread very quickly and was very profitable for businessmen and the British empire • The British govt. and British merchants knew that whoever industrialized the fastest and produced goods the quickest would be the most powerful • With such speed and search of profit came many problems

  3. Problems of Industrialization • #1 Pollution and Environmental Damage • Caused by • factories dumping waste into the air and waterways • Overcrowding of cities • Mining the ground for coal, iron ore, and other minerals

  4. Problems of Industrialization • #2 Disease • Causes • Overcrowded cities, living areas, and workplaces • Polluted waterways – lack of clean water • Polluted air • Poor sanitation

  5. Problems of Industrialization • #3 Abuse of Labor – Poor wages, long hours, and child labor • Causes • In order to industrialize as quickly and cheaply as possible cheap labor was needed • Some businessmen take advantage of the needs of poor families and children for personal gain • The government has a “laissez-faire” philosophy or “hands-off” approach to labor disputes • There are not laws or codes in place to protect the poor and disadvantaged

  6. Why Reform? • Scandals suggest that the government needs to act as a “watchdog” or “protector” of the people • The government sees the need to change its role in society

  7. Fear of rebellion • British government worries that the people might take power into their own hands as the French peasants did in 1789 in the French Revolution

  8. Key Reforms • 1819 Factory Act • Bans children under 9 from working in the cotton mills • Government provided social services in return for higher taxes: • Unemployment pay • Pensions/retirement pay • Education • Medial Care • Mandatory inspections of factories and buildings

  9. Industrialization Spreads • Causes: • European governments provide funds to invest in new businesses • Other countries learn from the successes and mistakes of Britain’s industrialization • This includes the use of espionage • Powerful countries, such as Britain, Germany, and the US, use their military power to gain new markets in other countries around the world – even by force

  10. Timeline of Industrialization Around the World • Around 1750 – Britain • 1st Revolution – production of textiles, coal, and iron • Around 1870 – Germany • 2nd Industrial Revolution – production of steel, chemicals, electricity, and eventually oil • Around 1870s – Japan • “Cultural borrowing” leads to industrial expansion

  11. Timeline of Industrialization Around the World • Around 1890s – Russia • From peasant farmers to growing industry • Around 1890s – United States • Civil War ends in 1865 and railroads sweep the country within 30 years • Over the next 100 years – the whole world • Gradually, as western powers (Europe and the US) develop new markets for goods and more lands to take resources from, industrialization penetrates the world

  12. What effects of industrialization do we see today? • Pros • Cons

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