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Great Britain: Reform under Disraeli and Gladstone

Great Britain: Reform under Disraeli and Gladstone. Benjamin Disraeli. Kagan Ch. 22. William Gladstone. Second Reform Bill. Lord Palmerston dies 1865 – was Whig Prime Minister Imperialism: India mutiny / China / US Civil War Continued Reform 1865-1885 (Disraeli vs. Gladstone)

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Great Britain: Reform under Disraeli and Gladstone

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  1. Great Britain: Reform under Disraeli and Gladstone Benjamin Disraeli Kagan Ch. 22 William Gladstone

  2. Second Reform Bill • Lord Palmerston dies 1865 – was Whig Prime Minister • Imperialism: India mutiny / China / US Civil War • Continued Reform 1865-1885 (Disraeli vs. Gladstone) • Gladstone (Liberal): Irish Home Rule, free trade, democratic principles • Disraeli (Conservative): Aggressive foreign policy, expansion, vs. democratic reform • Disraeli - Reform Bill of 1867 (like 1832) • Seats in House of Commons redistributed – better representation • Extension of the right to vote to many urban workers (sig: liberals win although bill is proposed by a conservative!)

  3. Gladstone’s Ministry • 1868-74 Gladstone’s Liberals – towards democracy • Civil Services Reform 1870 – competitive exam for govt. offices • Education Act 1870 – gov’t. aid to schools • University Act 1870 – reduced Anglican seats • 1871 abolition of purchase military officers’ commissions • Ballot Act 1872 – secret ballot allowed • Gladstone: 1881-1885, 1886, 1892-1894 • 3rd Reform Bill = Representation of the People Act – 1884 • Voting rights to farm workers

  4. Disraeli: 2nd time ‘round • 1874-1880 Benjamin Disraeli • Promotes a program called Tory Democracy • Designed to win increased popular support for the Conservatives • 1875, Public Health Act: standards for sanitation • 1875, Artisan Dwelling Act: public housing for workers • Grants protection to trade unions, sanctions picketing • 1875, Food and Drug Act: regulates sale

  5. Home Rule: yes or no? • The Irish Question • Act of Union 1801 united Ireland w/GB • Irish Catholics demanded home rule • Gladstone • 1869 Irish Catholics no longer pay taxes to Church of Ireland • 1870 Land Act, compensation and loans for Irish tenant farmers • Charles Stewart Parnell • organized Irish political bloc w/in Parliament • Gladstone proposed home rule in 1886 and 1893 (both times he was defeated) • 1903 Conservatives pass 3rd land act giving tenant farmers real ownership of land • 1914, Liberals succeeded in getting Irish home rule through Parliament • suspended b/c of WWI • Civil War loomed!!! • Reform efforts did not shape foreign policy! • SIG: Reform = at home – not beyond England!!!

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