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Diet and Health

Diet and Health. Chapter 11. Cancer Facts. US men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk US women have a 1 in 3 lifetime risk 1,220,000 new malignant cancer cases in 2000 552,000 cancer deaths in 2000 Cancer the Top Killer for Those Under 85 – Jan 20, 2005. Cancer Trends JNCI, 1999. 1990-1996

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Diet and Health

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  1. Diet and Health Chapter 11

  2. Cancer Facts • US men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk • US women have a 1 in 3 lifetime risk • 1,220,000 new malignant cancer cases in 2000 • 552,000 cancer deaths in 2000 • Cancer the Top Killer for Those Under 85 – Jan 20, 2005

  3. Cancer TrendsJNCI, 1999 • 1990-1996 • All cancer incidence declined by 2.2% • -4.1% males • -0.5% females • USATODAY.com - Cancer deaths lowest in 7 decades

  4. The Cancer Development Process • Initiation • Alterations in DNA • minutes - days • Causes: • radiation • chemical carcinogens • viruses

  5. The Cancer Development Process • Promotion • “locking” DNA alterations • failure of DNA repair mechanisms • months - years

  6. The Cancer Development Process • Cancer Progression • Uncontrolled growth of cancer cells • malignancy and metastasis • weeks to years

  7. Cancer Development http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_animations.htm

  8. Diet and Cancer Development • Initiation • Dietary sources of carcinogens • aflatoxin mold from peanuts • benzopyrene from charbroiled meats • nitrosamine from cured meats • Protection • phytochemicals • antioxidants • dietary fiber • Alaska Journal of Commerce Online

  9. Diet and Cancer Development • Promotion • Fat and PUFA • excess alcohol • Progression • excess Fat and calories

  10. Diet and CancerACS 2000 • One third of cancer deaths in US is due to cigarette smoking • One third of cancer deaths in US is due to diet • 5-10% of cancers are hereditary • NutraIngredients

  11. 1999 ACS Dietary Guidelines • Choose most of the foods you eat from plant sources. • Five A Day • low in fat and calories • high in folic acid, vitamin C, beta-carotene • high in fiber • high in phytochemicals • ABC News: Turn to Tomatoes for Prostate Health • FOXNews.com - Health - Vitamin D May Lower Some Cancer Risk

  12. Trends in Consumption of Recommended Vegetable and Fruit Servings (5 or more) for Cancer Prevention, Adults 18 and Older, US, 1994-2000 Prevalence (%) 2000 1996 1998 1994* * Includes fewer than 50 states and the District of Columbia. All other prevalences include the 50 states and District of Columbia. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001.

  13. Hypertension • Definition • Diastolic Blood Pressure • > 90 mm Hg • Systolic Blood Pressure • >140 mm Hg • Desirable < 120/80

  14. Hypertension and Disease • Stroke • 2/3rds with first stroke have HTN • 7 times more likely than normal • Coronary heart disease • 1/2 with first MI have HTN • 3 times more likely than normal • End-stage Renal Failure • Blindness

  15. Blood Pressure

  16. Risk Factors • Age • Ethnicity • Family History • Obesity

  17. Diet and Hypertension • Weight Loss • Moderate weight loss • Regular exercise

  18. Diet and Hypertension • Alcohol • < 1-2 servings per day • >2 servings increases risk of HTN • Potassium • fruits and vegetables • Fish Oils • Calcium • Calcium, Linus Pauling Institute's Micronutrient Information Center

  19. Potassium • Found in both plant and animal • AI = 4700 mg/day • Good food sources • Functions • Works with sodium • Helps maintain lower BP • Protective Effects of High Dietary Potassium: Nutritional and Metabolic Aspects -- Demigné et al. 134 (11): 2903 -- Journal of Nutrition

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