1 / 46

Nutrition and Disease Risk Factors

Explore the complex relationship between nutrition, immunity, chronic diseases, and cancer risk factors. Learn about strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease and hypertension through lifestyle modifications. Discover the role of nutrients in promoting overall health.

rancourt
Télécharger la présentation

Nutrition and Disease Risk Factors

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 11Diet and Health Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, 12e Sizer/Whitney

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe relationships between immunity and nutrition, and explain how malnutrition and infection worsen each other. • Compare and contrast the progression and the symptoms of heart disease in men and women. • Describe what dietary and genetic factors may affect CVD risks and why higher LDL levels are a health concern.

  3. Learning Objectives • Develop a general eating plan for a person with prehypertension. • Speculate about possible mechanisms by which a diet high in red meat might increase the risk of breast cancer or colorectal cancer.

  4. Learning Objectives • Develop a healthy eating plan that reduces the intake of trans fat and saturated fat but maintains sufficient intakes of essential nutrients. • Describe some recent advances in nutritional genomics with regard to the health of the body through life.

  5. Introduction • Two types of diseases • Infectious and chronic • Nutrients and our body’s defenses • Hoaxes • Leading causes of death • Chronic diseases • Mixture of factors

  6. The Ten Leading Causes of Death in the United States

  7. Nutrition and Immunity • Well-nourished immune system • Provides protection • Susceptible groups • PEM • Malnutrition

  8. Effects of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) on the Body’s Defense Systems

  9. The Concept of Risk Factors • Risk factors • Suspected contributors • Show correlation with the disease • Disease risk factors • Genetic • Environmental • Behavioral • Social • Dietary contributions to disease

  10. Risk Factors and Chronic Diseases

  11. Interrelationships Among Chronic Diseases

  12. The Concept of Risk Factors • Estimating your risk • Search family’s medical history • Laboratory tests

  13. Cardiovascular Diseases • Disease of heart and blood vessels • Symptoms of heart attack and stroke • Minimizing risks • Heart is one of the least regenerative organs • Heart disease • Men vs. women

  14. U.S. Heart Disease Death Rates

  15. Atherosclerosis • Hardening of the arteries • Everyone has signs • How advanced is the disease • Plaque formation • Damaging factors to vessel linings • Inflammation • Macrophages • Mineralization

  16. The Formation of Plaques in Atherosclerosis

  17. Atherosclerosis • Plaque rupture • Blood clots • Abnormal blood clotting • Omega-3 fatty acids • Blood pressure

  18. Risk Factors for CVD • Age, gender, and genetic inheritance • Nonmodifiable • High LDL and low HDL cholesterol • Higher the LDL the greater the risk • Most atherogenic lipoproteins • Higher HDL reduces risk • LDL oxidation

  19. LDL, HDL, and Risk of Heart Disease

  20. Adults Standards for Blood Lipids, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure

  21. Risk Factors for CVD • Hypertension and atherosclerosis • Both worsen CVD • Worsen each other • Diabetes • Physical inactivity • Benefits of activity for heart health • Smoking

  22. Risk Factors for CVD • Atherogenic diet • DASH eating plan • Obesity & metabolic syndrome • Cluster of risk factors • Inflammation • Increased risk of thrombosis • Other risk factors

  23. Recommendations for Reducing CVD Risk • Lifestyle changes • Increase physical activity • Lose weight • Implement dietary changes • Reduce exposure to tobacco smoke

  24. Recommendations for Reducing CVD Risk • Diet to reduce CVD risk • Reduce fat intake • Saturated and trans fats • Limit refined starches and added sugars • Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains • Diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids • Other dietary factors

  25. Nutrition and Hypertension • One of most prevalent forms of CVD • No symptoms you can feel • Two numbers • Systolic pressure • Diastolic pressure • Prehypertension • Blood pressure checks at regular intervals

  26. Nutrition and Hypertension • Blood pressure • Cardiac output • Factors causing an increase • Peripheral resistance • Factors causing an increase • Risk factors • Salt intake • Alcohol

  27. The Blood Pressure

  28. Nutrition and Hypertension • DASH diet • Health benefits beyond blood pressure • Weight control • Physical activity • Alteration of hormones • Salt or sodium • Alcohol • Minerals and vitamin C

  29. Lifestyle Modifications to Reduce Blood Pressure

  30. Complementary and Alternative Medicine • Complementary vs. alternative • Integrative medicine • National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) • http://nccam.nih.gov/ • Accupuncture • Herbal medicines

  31. Selected Herbs: Claims, Evidence, and Risks

  32. Selected Herbs: Claims, Evidence, and Risks

  33. Nutrition and Cancer • Prevention of cancer • Risk factors • Lifestyle factors • Environmental exposures • Diet • Dietary components • Relation to cancer

  34. How Does Cancer Develop? • Cancer arises in the genes • DNA is damaged by carcinogen • Cellular repair or self-destruction • Cell loses ability to self-destruct • Replicates uncontrollably • Mass of abnormal tissue • Cancer prevention through tumor development

  35. Cancer Development

  36. Which Diet Factors Affect Cancer Risk? • Energy intake • Reduced caloric intakes • Cancer prevention only • Obesity • Depends on site of cancer & other factors • Physical activity • Alcohol • Fat and fatty acids

  37. Which Diet Factors Affect Cancer Risk? • Red meats and processed meats • Cooking • Smoking • Fiber-rich foods • Folate and antioxidant vitamins • Calcium and vitamin D • Iron • Food phytochemicals

  38. The DASH Diet: Preventive Medicine • Emphasized foods • Make only a few dietary changes at a time • Start with fruits & vegetables

  39. Nutritional Genomics: Can It Deliver on Its Promises? Controversy 11

  40. Nutritional Genomics Research • Genome • Genetic profile • DNA microarray technology • DNA mutations • SNPs • Variation of a nucleotide

  41. Epigenetics • Epigenome • Proteins and other molecules that regulate expression of genes • Turning genes “on” and “off” • Inherited or altered • Regulation • Histones • Methyl groups

  42. Two Epigenetic Factors and Gene Activity

  43. Bioactive Food Components and Gene Expression

  44. Epigenetics • Future generation effects • Embryonic development • Modifying your epigenome • Health implications • Bioactive constituents in whole foods

  45. Genetic Testing • Arguments • Merits • Demerits • Nutritional genomics fraud

  46. Genetic Testing: Pros and Cons

More Related