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DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (DLC)

DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (DLC). HMIM BLOCK 224. Dr. SYED AFTAB OMAR AlMaarefa College. Objectives. Describe the morphological characteristics of each white blood cell. Identify the different blood cells in the blood smear.

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DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (DLC)

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  1. DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (DLC) HMIM BLOCK 224 Dr. SYED AFTAB OMAR AlMaarefa College

  2. Objectives • Describe the morphological characteristics of each white blood cell. • Identify the different blood cells in the blood smear. • Differentiate between neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. • Describe the functions of each WBCs. • List the conditions in which their count increases and decreases.

  3. Apparatus & materials Microscope Glass slides Lancet Alcohol swab Leishman’s stain Distilled water

  4. Smear Preparation

  5. Types of White Blood Cells • White blood cells: • Are leukocytes • There are five types of WBCs in two categories: • Granulocytes • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils • Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

  6. Blood smear under microscope

  7. Neutrophils • Size – 10-14 µm. • Multilobednucleus • Light purple (neutral) granules • Other names is Polymorphonuclear leukocyte • Phagocytic in function • Normal range = 50% - 70% • Elevated in acute bacterial infections

  8. Eosinophils • Size – 10-15 µm • Coarse red color granules • Bi-lobed nucleus • Defend against parasitic worm infestations • Normal range 1% - 6% • Elevated in parasitic worm infections and allergic reactions

  9. Basophils • Size – 10 – 15 µm • Bilobed nucleus • Deep blue granules covering the whole nucleus • Release histamine • Release heparin • Normal range- Less than 1%

  10. Monocytes • Largest of all blood cells • Size – 12 – 20 µm • Spherical, kidney-shaped, oval or lobed nuclei • No visible granules • May leave bloodstream to become macrophages • Normal range - 2% - 10% • Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris • Increase count – in chronic infections eg. Tuberculosis

  11. Lymphocytes • Size – 7-9 or 10-15 µm • Slightly larger than RBC • Large spherical nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm • No visible granules • Normal range -20% - 40% • T cells and B cells • Both important in immunity • B cells produce antibodies • T cells involved in cell mediated immunity • Increased count is seen in viral infections, chronic infections

  12. Counting directions

  13. Counting 100 cells Neutrophil = % Eosinophil = % Basophil= % lymphocyte = % Monocyte = %

  14. WBC count decreases in bone marrow suppression due malignancy, radiation, chemotherapy or any genetic disorder

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