E N D
2. Brief Background Interest in processed frozen spinach
Spring of 2003 - 4 growers planted
Summer of 2003 - 4 plantings in Mason/Oceana counties - approx. 80 acres
Decision - not to harvest - over winter
Potential for expansion 2004-2006
6. About the same time last Sept.- Oct. Found on a web site
National Spinach Conference
November 20 & 21 2003
Fayetteville, Arkansas
Vegetable AoE - Growing the Michigan Vegetable Industry
$2,000 grant - myself and three other growers attended
7. 1st Day of Meetings at Washington County Extension Office What did we learn?
Spinach is good for you
- Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Iron
- Antioxidant activity
- Folic Acid & disease-prevention properties
- Age-related Macular Degeneration
- Bottom-line - eat more spinach! Why? For all the above reasons. its good for you!
8. Herbicides Issues Nilda Burgos - Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences at University of Arkansas
Need for additional herbicides critical
3 registered in Arkansas
- cycloate (Ro-Neet), sethoxydim (Poast), and phenmedipham (Spin-aid)
- metolachlor (Dual) preemergence; Sec. 18, many years
- Exploring herbicide resistance by whole plant selection
9. Herbicides Issues (con.) - started fall of 2001 - 4 cultivars
- .5 and 1.0x rates of glyphoste (Roundup) and glufosenate (Liberty) - a few plants survived
- 2003 study spinach tolerance to imazamox (Raptor)
- Raptor labeled cowpea - rotation with spinach
- rates highly injurious when applied preemergence
- lower rates need to be tested
- Spinach cultivars show differential tolerance to foliar application of Raptor
10. Potential Herbicides - Spinach Texas the Oklahoma Russell Wallace - CES, Texas A&M
Bixby, Oklahoma 2002-2003
3 highest yielding preemergence treatments
- Lorox (0.10 lb. a.i/A)
- Ro-Neet (3.0 lb. a.i) & Lorox (0.05 lb. a.i)
- Define (0.15 lb. a.i) & Lorox (0.05 lb. a.i)
Crystal City, Texas
- Ro-Neet, Dual Magnum and Outlook alone had least crop injury
- Best combination included:
Ro-Neet (3.0 or 4.0 lb. a.i) and Outlook (0.25 lb. a.i)
Ro-Neet (3.0 or 4.0 lb. a.i) and Lorox (0.05 or 0.10 lb. a.i)
Outlook (0.25 lb. a.i) and Lorox (0.05 or o.10 lb. a.i)
Results look promising , need more investigation regarding rates and and combinations
11. Other topics Update on Downy Mildew of Spinach
Biology and Management Spinach White Rust
Verticillium Wilt of Spinach
Foliar Fungicide Alternatives in Spinach
Screening and Breeding for Resistance to Leafminer in spinach
Current and Future Insect Management in Spinach and Greens
Spinach Breeding in the Mid South
12. Spinach Insect Pests and Controls Paul McLeod, Department of Entomology at U. of A.
Aphids - Green Peach Aphid
- Scout 2 - 3 weeks prior to harvest
- 20 plants - threshold average 5/plant
- Control - imidacloprid
Grasshoppers
- Spinach spring and fall green islands
- Pyrethroid insecticides
- Other controls; location of field, bug knockers
13. What we saw - Fri. Nov. 21, 2003 Trip to University of Arkansas - Vegetable Substation - Kibler, Arkansas
Spinach Variety Trail - Focus White Rust Resistance
- 39 selections - 5 Tiers
- Flat Leaf F-380, XP-17047
- Semi Savoy - Padre
- Full Savoy - Ozarka II
26. Visit to Gist Farms Spiro, Oklahoma Sat. Nov. 22, 2003
7,000 acres - Sharecropping
800 acres Spinach and Greens, also grow acreage of Snap Beans
Harvesting of Greens and Spinach
Overwinter plantings of spinach
32. So after all that, what did we really learn... Need 15-18 # of sulfur /A in the form of ammonium sulfate - reduce need of nitrogen
Plant on heavier soil types - ph level important 5.8-6.2 min.
Can increase plant population / acre - more rows to drilling
Proper seedbed preparation - 4 times w/ Du-all in Oklahoma
shallow seeding - use of pop up fertilizer
33. So after all that, what did we really learn.. (con.) Roll after planting, roll overwinter plantings in spring to level
Spintor for control of leafminer 2 days prior to harvest
Use 2-3 varieties - flat leaf types grow faster than some savoy and full savoy
yield goal - 7 to 8 ton/acre
Stomp spinach, pack tight 40,000 lb.+ per load
- 70 and lower, Oklahoma up to 3 days
- cut early mornings or evenings
- if over 80 - problems