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The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown

The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown. Hundred Years’ War. 1337-1453 England and France England=victor until 1429 French eventually removed British. The Black Death. 1347-1350 Plagues Septicemic Pneumonic Bubonic

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The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown

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  1. The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown

  2. Hundred Years’ War • 1337-1453 • England and France • England=victor until 1429 • French eventually removed British

  3. The Black Death • 1347-1350 • Plagues • Septicemic • Pneumonic • Bubonic • 1/3 of W. Europeans died

  4. The Black Death • Cause? • Curse from God • Cures? • Flagellation • Bleeding

  5. Challenges to RCC • Avignon Papacy (1309-1377) • Babylonian Captivity • Great Schism (1378-1417) • John Wycliffe • English • d. 1384 • Jan Hus • Czech • d. 1415

  6. Cultural Achievements • In Early Middle Ages, culture regressed because of: • Barbarian invasions • Feudalism • People’s concern for barest essentials of life

  7. Cultural Achievements • In High Middle Ages, culture progressed because: • Church provided leadership and support • Crusades spread knowledge of Byzantine and Moslem civilization • Towns=centers of culture and learning

  8. Cultural Achievements • Architecture • Romanesque (pre-1100s) • Massive cathedrals • Featured: • Thick walls • Few windows • Rounded arches • Strong columns

  9. Cultural Achievements • Architecture (cont’d) • Gothic (1100s+) • More graceful style • Featured: • Flying buttresses • Pointed arches • Thin walls • Stained-glass windows

  10. Thrust

  11. Notre Dame

  12. Cultural Achievements • Higher education • Universities founded • Except for religion, relied chiefly on Aristotle’s writings • Students faced difficulties: • Taught in Latin, not vernacular • Lacked books and libraries

  13. Cultural Achievements • Science & invention • Medieval scientists were quite unscientific • Rarely experimented or questioned • Mainly accepted: • Popular superstitions • Ideas of Aristotle

  14. Cultural Achievements • Science & invention (cont’d) • Scientists: • Alchemists • Astrologers • Roger Bacon • Science requires: • Experimentation • Observation

  15. Cultural Achievements • Philosophy & theology • Scholasticism--method of using pure reason in defense of faith • Scholars • Peter Abelard • Famous medieval teacher • Wrote Sic et Non • Differing views of RCC leaders on various issues

  16. Cultural Achievements • Philosophy & theology (cont’d) • Scholars (cont’d) • St. Thomas Aquinas • Wrote Summa Theologica • Denied conflict between reason and faith • Influenced by Aristotle

  17. Cultural Achievements • Literature • Few books written • Epic poems • Beowulf--Anglo-Saxon poem • Song of Roland--French epic • Song of Cid--Spanish story • Lyrical poems • Mostly about love • By wandering musicians

  18. National Development • England/France • Spain/Portugal • Russia/Ottoman Empire • HRE/Italy

  19. The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown

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