Agenda – Monday, February 10 th

1. Agenda – Monday, February 10th • Hand back quizzes/collect homework • Neurotransmission review and notes • Homework: NONE

2. Quizzes #3 and #4 • Quiz #3 • 5th hour Mean: 10.5/13 • 7th hour Mean: 11.4/13 • Quiz #4 • 5th hour Mean: 13.4/19 • 7th hour Mean: 13.4/19

3. Biology of the Mind

4. Starting Small • Find your partner (person with the matching term/definition) • Three tasks • ASK: What part of the biology unit are you MOST overwhelmed by? • Using the blank diagram, try your best (WITHOUT NOTES) to label the neuron

5. Types of Cells Neurons Glial Cells • Individual nerve cells • Generate and conduct electrical impulses • Thoughts, movement, behavior, pain, pleasure, memories, etc. • “Housekeeper” cells • Hold neurons in place • Transport oxygen and nutrients to neurons • Remove and destroy dead neurons

6. Types of Neurons • Afferent Neurons (Sensory) • Transfer information from sensory receptors to the brain • (A for ARRIVAL) • Efferent Neurons (Motor) • Transfer information from the brain to rest of body • (E for EXIT) • Interneurons • Internal communication within the Central Nervous System • (I for INTERNAL)

7. The Neuron

8. Agenda – Tuesday, February 11th • Continue neurotransmission notes • Neurotransmitter article assignment • Article due THURSDAY

9. Neurotransmission • Resting Potential: Each neuron sits/rests at a -70 charge, which is the only time the neuron is capable of firing an action potential • Threshold: The amount of neurotransmitters that need to be received to trigger an action potential • Action Potential: A brief electrical charge that travels through a neuron allowing a neurotransmitter to exit the neuron and enter another

11. Neurotransmission • All-or-none potential: A neuron either fires or it doesn’t (no in-between) • Like a gun • Depolarization: A message from another neuron causes the inside of the neuron to become positive (+) • Selective Permeability: The membrane letting in/shutting out certain ions

12. Neurotransmission • Repolarization: Occurs right after the action potential as potassium moves out of the inside of the cell restoring the inside back to a negative charge • Refractory period: A brief period that the neuron cannot fire until -70 charge is restored

13. Neural Firing

14. The Magic School Bus There is a bus full of unhappy children on their way to Normal Community High school. They’re feeling sad because the world outside looks so happy, the sun is shining, the birds are chirping, etc. At a certain point, the driver makes a stop and picks up a kid by opening the bus door. The wonderful air whooshes in, and if enough kids go from sad to happy, then they start getting rambunctious. Having now, wasted their energy, there’s a short time before they can start it up again. Parts of a Neuron Soma Nucleus Dendrite Axon Myelin Sheath Neuronal Firing Resting Potential Threshold All-or-Nothing Depolarization Selective Permeability Repolarization Refractory Period

15. http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htmhttp://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2/addiction/activities/lesson2_neurotransmission.htm

16. Agenda – Thursday, February 13th • Neurotransmitter Review • Handout • Discussion • If time: work on “Brain Game” review • Homework: EXAM #2 TOMORROW!!!

17. Neurotransmitters • Purpose: • Chemicals that transmit signals from neurons through the process of neurotransmission • Provide meaning and use to our brain structures

18. Neurotransmitters • GABA • Norepinephrine • Glutamate • Serotonin: Regulates mood, sleep, eating, arousal, and pain • Low levels contribute to depression and suicidal tendencies • Dopamine • Acetylcholine

19. Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Attention; Emotion (Pleasure); voluntary movement Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Too much: Schizophrenia, Too little: Parkinson’s GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Cocaine, amphetamines, Ritalin, alcohol Endorphins

22. Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Mood, Hunger, Sleep, & Arousal Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Lack associated with Depression, certain anxiety disorders (OCD) GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Prozac, hallucinogenics (e.g. LSD) Endorphins

24. Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Muscle Action, Learning & Memory Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Certain muscular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Curare (Antagonist: Blocks NT) Endorphins

25. Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Lack of leads to Seizures & Tremors GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: Tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Librium), alcohol Endorphins

26. Neurotransmitters Normal Function: Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory Dopamine Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Too much overstimulates brain: Migranes & Seizures GABA Glutamine Substances that Affect: PCP (“angel dust”), MSG Endorphins

27. Neurotransmitters Dopamine Normal Function: Pleasure (Addiction) and control of pain Serotonin Acetylcholine Problems with Imbalance: Lack of leads to heightened sensation of pain GABA Substances that Affect: Opiates: opium, heroin, morphine, methadone (Agonists: Mimic) Glutamine Endorphins

28. http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/animation/coca-anim.html