1 / 29

Gilded Age

Gilded Age. Chapter 6 Section 2-4. Gilded Age. 1877-1900 is known as the Gilded Age Gilded means “covered with a thin layer of gold.” A thin, but glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty and corruption of much of society A few were gaining considerably but most were destitute

angie
Télécharger la présentation

Gilded Age

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Gilded Age Chapter 6 Section 2-4

  2. Gilded Age • 1877-1900 is known as the Gilded Age • Gilded means “covered with a thin layer of gold.” • A thin, but glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty and corruption of much of society • A few were gaining considerably but most were destitute • Farmers • Immigrants

  3. Section 2Immigration • People were moving in the late 1800’s • From one country to another • From farms to cities • Population in the U. S. rose by 30 million between 1865-1920. • Where from? 1870-1890? Northwestern Europe • Where from? 1891-1915? Central and Eastern Europe • Immigrants wanted the freedoms afforded to citizens of the U.S.

  4. Traveled by steamship • Many could not afford cabins and traveled below deck (Titanic) 1882: Federal government started excluding certain groups of immigrants • 1891: Office of the Superintendent of Immigration: • Required physical examinations • If they had certain diseases, they had to be quarantined or deported

  5. European Immigrants • Most immigrants came through the “Golden Door” which was NYC • 1892: Ellis Island Reception area opened for steerage passengers • Many immigrants tried to settle in areas with others from their homeland • Greektown, Corktown, Mexicantown (Detroit) • Many immigrants were taken advantage of in the workplace, especially women

  6. Asian Immigrants • Most came to American through western ports such as San Francisco and Seattle • Chinese • Japanese • Due to vast cultural differences between Americans and Europeans, Asian immigrants were especially discriminated against

  7. Chinese Immigrants • Railroad companies used many Chinese immigrants—Who were recruited to work on the railroads—promised a good life and good pay—Reality: the opposite. • Many moved to areas already settled by Chinese

  8. Discrimination of Chinese • American Labor Unions wanted to exclude Chinese because they accepted low wages, bringing down the overall wage • Some claimed that the Chinese were inferior and should not become citizens • Help spread racist attitudes • Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 • Prevented Chinese laborers from entering the U.S. • Not repealed until 1943

  9. Japanese Immigrants • Many early Japanese immigrants came from Hawaii • Most settled in the Los Angeles area • Many worked and owned private businesses and produced many crops • Did not compete with Labor Unions, but still faced discrimination • School segregation of all Asians in San Francisco • Banned non citizen Asians from owning land (Webb Alien Land Law: 1913)

  10. Mexican Immigrants • Many immigrants from Mexico came to the U.S. due to… • Newlands Reclamation Act-1902 • Irrigated arid land in Southwest: fertile farm land • Needed workers • Mexican Revolution • U.S. joining WWI (1917)-demand for workers • Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, which limited European immigration • U.S. needed workers, and Mexicans came to fill the need

  11. Cities

  12. Section 3The Challenge of the Cities • Not only immigrants were coming into the cities, farmers came too • Factories produced what farm women had • Machines replaced manual labor • Farms were failing- People moved to the cities because farm machines and factory made goods, reduced the need for farm labor • During Reconstruction, after Civil War, brought many former slaves to the city

  13. Transportation • Prior to Civil War, cities were small (3-4 square miles), people walked to work • New public trans. allowed people to live out side city • 1832: Public horse drawn carriage on rails-NYC • 1868: El-trains allowed commuters to bypass congested streets-NYC • 1873: Cable Cars in San Francisco • 1888: Electric trolleys in Richmond, VA • 1897: Subway in Boston • 1893: Automobile (1910-mass produced)

  14. Buildings • Cities grew OUT and UP • Bessemer Steel process made building tall buildings possible • First Skyscraper: Chicago’s Home Insurance Company Building =10 stories tall • Relied on elevators to get to top • Elisha Graves invented safe passenger elevators • Specialized areas of businesses • Center: government and financial offices, and retail • Surrounding the center: industrial and warehouse businesses

  15. Urban Living • Need for housing grew as cities grew • Some middle class moved to the suburbs • Urban workers found housing where they could • Tenements were low cost, run down, crowded apartments

  16. Tenements continued… • Fire danger was biggest threat—spread quickly • Great Chicago Fire of 1871 • Boston Fire of 1872 • Billons (today’s $ amount) of dollars of damage; many dead and homeless • Disease • Contagious diseases spread quickly • Tuberculosis • Children especially vulnerable

  17. Jacob Riis • Immigrant from Denmark • Worked as a reporter for NYC newspapers • Reported on the conditions of the immigrants • Used new technology of flash photography • As a result of his work, New York passed the first laws to improve tenements

  18. Jacob Riis

  19. Ghetto: area where an ethnic or racial group was dominant • Some ghettos were created because… • People felt comfortable around their own cultures • Familiar language and customs • Some ghettos were created by… • “Unspoken boundaries” drawn by streets • Restrictive covenants: Agreements by homeowners not to sell to a particular culture

  20. Results of City Growth • Middle and Upper class separated from the poor by moving out of the city • Urban growth led to the development of new city organization and worked on improving utilities and services, such as police, fire, water and sewer, and electricity • Raised taxes • Gave city governments more money and more power

  21. Political Bosses • Political machines kept a certain political party in control through favors’ giving jobs to immigrants • Headed by a “boss” • Many took advantage of immigrants • But immigrants were getting help from “bosses” where other government agencies were not helping • Some did good for cities, others were corrupt • Cincinnati’s George B. Cox: positive changes • NYC’s Democratic Party Boss, William Marcy Tweed: corrupt

  22. Ideas for Reformsection 4 • Nativism: favoring native born Americans over immigrants • Several groups and organizations got laws passed that restricted immigration and rights to immigrants • Prohibition/Temperance movement • Opposed drinking because it led to personal disasters—especially involving immigrants • Main groups: • Prohibition party-1869 • Women’s Christian Temperance Union- 1874 • Anti-Saloon League-1893

  23. Many charitable organizations created to help the needy (poor and immigrants) • Some were based on religious principles • Some interfered with immigrant life • Many wanted immigrants to adopt American way of life • Most charitable organizations really wanted to help the needy

  24. Settlement Movement • Move into needy neighborhood and provide social services—people had to experience it • Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr created the Hull House—Chicago • Very successful as it expanded to help the community as a whole • Provided economic, social, cultural, and educational help for all • Very successful - expanded throughout entire nation

  25. Michigan Department of Education Social Studies Content Expectations U.S. History and Geography • 6.1.1d • 6.1.1f • 6.1.3a • 6.1.3b • 6.1.3c • 6.1.3d • 6.1.3e • 6.3.2d • 6.3.2e

More Related