Presentation Transcript

1. Informationtechnology education

   METHODS OF TEACHING

2. Information technology education OBJECTIVES:1. to uncover teaching strategies such as expository and exploratory strategies;2. to apply different teaching methodologies In teaching IT topics. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
3. Two Types of Teaching Methods Demonstrative Direct Approach Expository Expository Strategies Deductive Inductive Exploratory Reflective Constructivism Experiential Approach Exploratory Strategies Problem Solving Laboratory Inquiry Metacognition Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
4. When to use Expository and Exploratory Strategies Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
5. Characteristics of Expository and Exploratory Strategy Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
6. Two Types of Teaching Methods Demonstrative Direct Approach Expository Expository Strategies Deductive Inductive Discovery Reflective Constructivism Experiential Approach Exploratory Strategies Problem Solving Laboratory Inquiry Metacognition Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
7. Direct Approach - Expository Demonstration Method Telling and showing method performed usually by a teacher or a trained student while the rest of the class become observers. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
8. Direct Approach - Expository Demonstration Method Used when: Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
9. Direct Approach - Expository Demonstration Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
10. Direct Approach - Expository Demonstration Method Example: Data Communication and Networking In Data Communication and Networking, technology used or being discussed are sometimes expensive or not available in the laboratory, this can be discussed by showing illustrations of the said apparatus. Apparatus can be shown physically or by computer visualization. The teacher can discuss the parts of the Access Point as shown in the figure and other facts pertaining to the figure. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
11. Expository or Didactic Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
12. Direct Approach - Expository Expository or Didactic Method A telling method where facts , concepts, principles, and generalizations are stated, presented, defined, interpreted by the teacher, and followed by the application or testing of these concepts, principles, and generalizations in new examples generated by students. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
13. Direct Approach - Expository Expository or Didactic Method Example: Database Management System Using expository method, the teacher can discuss the ER diagram shown. After discussing the diagram, the teacher can show another example of two entities without attributes then let the students supply them. The example below can be given: STUDENT DEPARTMENT Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
14. Direct Approach - Expository Expository or Didactic Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
15. Direct Approach - Expository Expository or Didactic Method How to use: Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
16. Direct Approach - Expository Expository or Didactic Method Example: DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING Explaining Metropolitan – Area Network (MANs) can be done using this illustration. It will be easier for them to understand MAN through this instead of letting them imagine the setup. The teacher can discuss how the MAN works. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
17. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching Process of teaching that starts with a rule or general statement that is applied to specific cases / examples. Used when students are asked to test a rule or further develop it, to answer questions or solve problems by referring to laws, principles, and theories. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
18. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching How to present it: Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
19. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching Example SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Roles of Business Analyst Identify how technology can improve business process Design new business process Design the information system Ensure that the system conforms to Information System Standards Teacher should explain each items, an example per item will be a great help Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
20. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching Example SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Roles of Business Analyst Identify how technology can improve business process Design new business process Design the information system Ensure that the system conforms to Information System Standards Examples of businesses that use technology can be shown or cited like the figure shown. Then Let the students name few examples that they already encountered. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
21. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching Example SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Roles of Business Analyst Identify how technology can improve business process Design new business process Design the information system Ensure that the system conforms to Information System Standards Existing business process can be set as an example, the n let the students thin k of other business process that can be improved in the school or in any other business transaction that they know. http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?imgurl=http://www.commonvision.com.au/images/business-process-review-dia.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.commonvision.com.au/business-process-review.html&usg=__o8H_EoGhTYVwNdE-zSmSLa6Uo-Y=&h=347&w=600&sz=28&hl=tl&start=18&itbs=1&tbnid=JeUnRA5BV05arM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbusiness%2Bprocess%26hl%3Dtl%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1 Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
22. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching Example SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Roles of Business Analyst Identify how technology can improve business process Design new business process Design the information system Ensure that the system conforms to Information System Standards Steps on how to design an information system can be shown so that students could have an idea how these systems are developed. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
23. Direct Approach - Expository Deductive Teaching Example SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Roles of Business Analyst Identify how technology can improve business process Design new business process Design the information system Ensure that the system conforms to Information System Standards IT standards can be discussed by citing books or evaluation standard samples can also be discussed to the students then cite examples so that students can relate to it. http://www.addebook.com/it/uncategorized/the-it-regulatory-and-standards-compliance-handbook-how-to-survive-information-systems-audit-and-assessments_8863.html Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
24. Two Types of Teaching Methods Demonstrative Direct Approach Expository Expository Strategies Deductive Inductive Exploratory Reflective Constructivism Experiential Approach Exploratory Strategies Problem Solving Laboratory Inquiry Metacognition Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
25. Experiential Methodologies: Exploratory Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
26. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Inductive Teaching Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
27. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Inductive Teaching Example SYSTEMS QUALITY ASSURANCE Let the students analyze the figure about the files exchange of the automated election that we had last May 10. It can be a group activity then let them write their observation then let the group with the best answer discuss the flow before the class if there is still time. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
28. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Exploratory Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
29. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Exploratory Method How to use Exploratory Method How to present it: Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
30. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Exploratory Method Example OPERATING SYSTEMS If there is a new existing version of operating system, let the students do their own installation of the said operating system then let them document the process of installation and come up with an installation guide. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
31. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Discovery Teaching A method in which thoughts are synthesized to perceive something that the individual has not know before. The learner gets directly involved in learning. Learning is a result of the learners own insight, reflection, and experience. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
32. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Discovery Teaching How to use Discovery Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
33. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Discovery Teaching Example: INTRO TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING Provide around three program samples to the students, let them identify the output, of course its an infinite loop, but let them identify the program logic why it became infinite loop. public class findoutputForLoop { public static void main(String[] args) { for(;;) System.out.println("Hello"); } } class ForDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { for(inti=1; i<11; i--) { System.out.println("Count is: " + i); } } } class WhileDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ int count = 1; while (count < 11) { System.out.println("Count is: " + count); Count--; } } } http://www.java-examples.com/infinite-loop-example Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
34. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Problem Solving Method Problem solving is any purposeful activity that will remove a recognized difficulty or perplexity in a situation through the process of reasoning. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
35. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Problem Solving Method When to use Problem Solving Method Use this when the goal is: Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
36. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Problem Solving Method Example : Fundamentals of Programming class WhileDemo { public static void main(String[] args){ int count = 1; while (count < 11) { System.out.println("Count is: " + count); count++; } } } After discussing the FOR statement in Java, ask the students to review printing of numbers 1 to 2010 in using WHILE statement then let them use the FOR statement to generate numbers 1 to 10. If there were several machine problems given in the WHILE statement, let the students convert it to FOR statement. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
37. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Project Method A significant unit of a problematic nature carried on by students in a lifelike manner in a natural setting. It may be a construction, an enjoyment, a problem, or a learning project. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
38. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Project Method When to use Project Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
39. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Project Method Steps in Project Method Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
40. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Project Method Example : SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN After discussing each phase of the Software Development Life Cycle. The students can accomplish tasks per phase and submit documentation of the activities and output that were done during the actual group visit http://www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.2TheRoleofanAnalyst.htm Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
41. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Laboratory Method A set of first hand learning activities wherein the individual investigates a problem, conducts experiments, observes processes, or applies theories and principles in a simulated setting. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
42. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Laboratory Method Why use Laboratory Method To cultivate students’ skills in the basic science processes To enhance higher order thinking skills To induct learners to scientific processes Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
43. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Laboratory Method Example: INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURES After giving an array example to the students, let them work on a problem like the ones given below: public class ArrayAverage {  public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = new int[]{10,20,15,25,16,60,100}; int sum = 0;  for(inti=0; i < numbers.length ; i++) sum = sum + numbers[i]; double average = sum / numbers.length; System.out.println("Average value of array elements is : " + average); } } Work on the following problems: An array program that could sort 5 integers in ascending order An array program that could sort 5 integers in descending order An array program that could spell words backward an array program that could count the occurrence of each character. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
44. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Inquiry Teaching Learners are confronted with a puzzling situation and are led to enter into investigative work to solve the problem How? Presentation of a problem / puzzling situation Defining problem Gathering and appraising information Organizing information Drawing conclusions Evaluating Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
45. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Inquiry Teaching Example: DISCRETE MATH A B Using the given Venn Diagram, ask the students to prove the Associative Law of Sets: (AUB )UC = AU(BUC) This can be done by the following steps: Identify the elements per set using the given in the Venn Diagram Apply the operation on sets required to prove the given property. a f d g f b e c h j k l C Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
46. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Reflective Teaching An on going process that enables individuals to continually learn from their own experiences by considering alternative interpretations of situations, generating and+ evaluating goals, and examining experiences in the light of alternative goals and hypothesis Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
47. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Reflective Teaching Example: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN In the systems development life cycle, the students can write their actual experience per phase. If you’ve come to notice, students normally copy the definition of the phases per phase but they could actually discuss this the way how they experience things during systems development. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
48. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Stages of Reflective Teaching Concrete Experience Observation and Analysis Abstract Reconceptualization Active Experimentation Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
49. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Metacognitive Teaching Approaches A teaching approach where learners are trained to become aware of and exert over their own learning by using metacognitive processes. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
50. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Metacognitive Teaching Approaches How to use Metacognitive Approach Through the use of the following metacognitive processes Planning: deciding what my goals are and what strategies to use to get there Deciding: what further knowledge or resources needed Monitoring progress along the way. Evaluating when I have arrived Terminating when the goal has been met. Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
51. Experiential Approach - Exploratory Metacognitive Teaching Approaches Example: THESIS WRITING The students enrolled in thesis class could write their personal plan on writing their thesis using the metacognitive teaching approach format Planning: this could contain the selected focus on the thesis Deciding: this could include the algorithm or technology that will be used for the systems development Monitoring : this should include how the monitoring should be to ensure that the project will be performed as scheduled Evaluating: this should include means to evaluate the progress of the systems development Terminating: this should include the factor to determine when to stop Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero
52. Thank you very much! Mr. Jonathan M. Caballero