CELEBRATE

1. CELEBRATE • Context eLearning with broadband technologies IST 2001 35188

2. A Cross Programme Action • Budget over7 MEuros - 30 months • EUN Office plus 21 partners • Belgium (2) • Finland (4) • France (3) • Hungary (1) • Israel (1) • Italy (3) • Netherlands (1) • Norway (2) • Spain (1) • UK (3)

3. eLearning Summit 2001 • “Create the conditions to sustain a commercial market for eLearning content development.”Recommendation 4 • Private sector calls for: “The creation of small learning ‘objects’ (based on open standards) could facilitate the development of new business models for content development and encourage innovative procurement mechanisms.”

4. Project Rationale • “To keep concentrating on content and ‘delivery’ – disregarding context and “community” is attempting to build the Knowledge Society with the crude tools and frames of mind used to build the Industrial Society…..If Augumented Reality, WebTV, Mobile Platforms or any other technology become mere instruments of the mechanistic “delivery” of content – they will be no more than adornments of an old, old – desperately old – Education!”Antonio Dias de Figuerdo from the University of Coimbra in Portugal, Learning 2.0 conference in Vasteras, 2001 • Content plus Context (Community & Collaboration) • Networked learning environments and constructivist learning models require new metaphors for how we understand content and the exchanges that take place between learners.

5. The Celebrate Project • Learning Objects and Learning Community Objects • Brokerage system of brokerage systems • Standards: LOM, SCORM 1.2 • Application profiles • ELR thesaurus • Richer set of vocabularies • Hierarchy of application profiles • Learning Content Management Tools • Learning Management Tools • Addresses economic, organisational feasibility

14. Technical Challenge • Issues related to the interoperability of LMS/LCMSs • how do we achieve interoperability of LOs and LCOs across LMS/LCMS? • Multilinguality and the contribution of translation tools • An investigation of emerging Educational Modelling Schemes and Languages • Mechanisms for predicting/anticipating the needs of teachers/learners and matching these more precisely to available learning objects (a Predictor facility)

15. Interoperability of LOs • How does one find learning objects? • How does one create LOs and adapt LOs and ensure interoperability? • How does one integrate learning objects with each other or into a larger structure (sequencing and courses)? • How can one evaluate learning objects in terms of quality, the required attainment level of the student prior to using the resource, the learning gain after using the LO, and teaching effort required to integrate the LO?

16. 9 Work Packages 1. Requirements & Validation 2.Pedagogical Models 3.Brokerage System 4. Creation of LOs 5. Demonstrator Portal 6. Broadband Pilots (Finland, France, Hungary, Israel, Norway, UK, ENIS) 7.Evaluation 8. Exploitation and Dissemination 9. Project management

17. Interface Interface Interface Interface General ‘Bus’ Architecture Server II Server I BUS Server III Server IV

18. Interface Interface Interface Interface Brokerage System of Brokerage Systems LCMS/LMS VLE BUS LCMS EUN Central Services

19. Polyhierarchy of Brokerage Systems Intelligent Learning Personalised VLEs Palm, Tablet PC Mobile VLE Brokerage Systems Learning Objects LMS LCMS Learning Resources Repositories Networking CD-ROM PC’s in the Classroom Administration Networked School Administration Resources Collaboration PCs in the school Administration

20. The OASIS Project • Interoperability of administrative data • Based on the Schools Interoperability Framework (SIF) • Fitting it to European needs

21. ? ? Communications Library Food Services ? ? ? Transportation The Integration Problem Student Administration

22. Growing Interoperability Problems • Applications are isolated islands. • Data is locked in “data tombs”. • Redundant data entry is common. • Disconnected applications increase support costs. • Reporting is a costly, inefficient process.

23. Student Administration Agent Curriculum Agent Agent Library Food Services Agent Transportation Agent A More Elegant Solution: The SIF Zone ZIS

25. Integration K12 Data Model Grade Book Instructional Services Library Voice Telephony Food Service SIS Transportation HR / Finance Accountability, Reporting, Planning, etc… Data Warehousing

26. National Regional Local School

27. Polyhierarchy of Brokerage Systems Intelligent Learning Personalised VLEs Palm, Tablet PC Mobile VLE Brokerage Systems Learning Objects LMS LCMS Learning Resources Repositories Networked School Administration Resources Collaboration Networking CD-ROM PC’s in the Classroom Future Developments PCs in the school Administration

28. Why reuse? • Cost of producing a Learning Object • 400 € for languages up to 1500 € for maths • Given that you get graphics and manuscript for free • If every teacher in Europe would make his own LO it would cost at least 20 billion € • Quality • An LO being reused gains in quality • Time • Reuse saves time for the teacher

29. Does it work? • This presentation is for more than 60% reuse • Reuse works when LOs are designed for it and tools to share are available • Reuse involves: find, evaluate, acquire, adapt, integrate • A reusable LO should make this easy

30. Why metadata? • Search engines do a good job now in finding web pages, but will deliver better results if they can make use of metadata • Learning Objects are typically packaged (e.g. in a zip file) and stored in repositories inaccessible for search engines • A better model online bookstores

31. Why metadata (cont.) • Search engines will not answer questions such as • For which age? • Who owns the LO? • What are the conditions of use? • How much do I need to learn before using it? • Does it fit the curriculum? • What are the technical requirements? • How can I adapt it? • Metadata are an important element for reuse • Questions like this will not get answered unless the information is provided in addition to the LO

32. Issue: How, not Why • How can we facilitate assigning metadata to Learning Objects • Inheritance of collections • Publisher, audience, language, … • Drag and drop into a folder • Predictive metadata tagging

33. Why Standards? • Do you know your clothes size: • 38 D, NL, F(sometimes) • C38Norway, Sweden and Finland • 40B, F (sometimes) • 44I • 44/46Portugal and Spain • 12UK • Also: • …, S, M, L, XL, XXL, … • …, 39, 40, 41, … • …, 80B, 100C, …

34. “Standards help to remove barriers” • About 1800 standards per year produced in Europe • Increasing political importance • Contribution to • Single market • Construction products (cement) • Consumer health • Sustainable development • Environment • Safety • voluntary activity carried out by, and for, interested parties in accountable standards organisations that have been recognised by the European Union • involvement of 'societal stakeholders‘ • Toys, weighing instruments, gas applicances, medical devices, etc. http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/library/enterprise-europe/issue6/articles/en/enterprise12_en.htm

35. But also… • Semantic interoperability • help people to understand each other better • Technical interoperability • open systems, components • Increase freedom • integrate content & components from various origins • think about DIN A4! • Lower cost • Not reinventing the wheel

36. Alternatives? • De facto standards • Commercial inequalities • Dominance of US based model over European one (cultural diversity) • Segregated development because incompatibilities • Hypermedia before the web • Education and training: no base platform • Disparate projects • No reuse and further development • No uptake & no impact

37. Finally • No standards, metadata, reuse will be successful • Unless • A minimum set of high quality Los • Produced by publishers • Teachers with the appropriate tools • A well supported community of teachers

38. Thank you !

39. Useful Links • http://etb.eun.org/ • http://celebrate.eun.org/ • http://www.cenorm.be/isss/workshop/lt/ • http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/ • http://dublincore.org/ • http://www.imsproject.org/ • http://www.sifinfo.org/ • http://www.adlnet.org/ • http://eml.ou.nl • http://reusability.org