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Exploring Early Civilizations: Hunter-Gatherers to the Development of Rome

This educational resource covers the evolution of human societies from the Paleolithic Era's hunter-gatherers to the complex civilizations of ancient Rome. It discusses the Agricultural Revolution in regions like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Kush, highlighting the development of farming, trade, and various social structures, including aristocracies. The document further delves into the religious aspects of these societies, such as Judaism and Brahmanism's transition to Hinduism, and examines the political systems that characterized Ancient Greece and Rome.

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Exploring Early Civilizations: Hunter-Gatherers to the Development of Rome

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  1. California State Test Grade 6

  2. Paleolithic Era • HUNTER-GATHERERS: hunted animals and gathered wild plants • AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: shift from food gathering to food producing

  3. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Kush • Middle East and Africa on rivers • Dynasty (pharaohs - Egypt); aristocracy • Farming, fishing, trade • Polytheistic (pyramids - Egypt); developed writing (hieroglyphics and cuneiform) • Nobility, merchants and farmers, slaves

  4. Ancient Hebrews • Middle East on Mediterranean Sea • Religious government; Ten Commandments • Farming, fishing, trade • Judaism (monotheistic - one god) • Religion important; conquered by many groups

  5. Ancient Greece • Island/Peninsula in Mediterranean Sea • City-states: aristocracy (rule by king); democracy (rule by people) • Polytheistic (many gods) • Nobility; merchant, farmers, and military; slaves (can move classes)

  6. Early India • Asian peninsula surrounded by mountains • Aristocracy • Trade, farming, fishing • Brahmanism developed into Hinduism (polytheistic) • Caste system; cannot move classes

  7. Early China • Asia around Yellow River • Unstable dynasties • Trade (Silk Road), farming • Confucianism (moral, loyal, proper); Daoism, Buddhism • Emperor, nobility, merchants and farmers (cannot move classes)

  8. Development of Rome • Western Italy near Mediterranean Sea • Republic (representative); empire • Trade, military, farming • Polytheistic; Christianity • Nobility, government officials, merchants, farmers, slaves (can move classes)

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