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Exploration of Rocks and Minerals: Unveiling Earth's Treasures

Discover the fascinating world of rocks and minerals, from the unique atomic structures of over 4,000 minerals to the formation processes of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Learn about gemstones, ores, properties of minerals, and the intricate rock cycle.

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Exploration of Rocks and Minerals: Unveiling Earth's Treasures

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Rocks And Minerals Benchmark Review

  2. What is a Mineral? • Over 4,000 minerals discovered! • Each have a unique arrangement of atoms • Solid • Inorganic • Naturally Occurring • Crystal Structure • Definite Chemical Composition

  3. Gem • A precious or semiprecious stone when cut and polished or engraved. • Ore • A mineral that contains important elements including metals. • Extracted through processes. One common known process is Smelting.

  4. Properties of Minerals • Crystal Structure • Cleavage vs. Fracture • Color • Streak and Luster • Hardness • Special properties • Reaction with Acid • Specific Gravity • Magnetism • Taste

  5. ROCKS!!!!!

  6. IGNEOUS ROCKS • Formed from volcanic activity • The cooling of Magma/Lava Intrusive Extrusive • Hardening of Lava • Fast cooling • Produces small crystals • Fine grained texture(smooth) • Hardening of magma • Slow cooling • Produces large crystals • Coarse grained texture(rough) Granite Obsidian

  7. Sedimentary Rock • Erosion • Deposition • Compaction • Cementation

  8. 3 sedimentary rock types Detrital Organic Sed. Rocks *Sm or Lgparticles (Smooth or Rough) Ex. Shale, Sandstone Sed. Living *Depends on what sed’s come from (smooth or rough) Ex. Coal, Limestone Chemical Evap H20 Crystallization *Depends on Crystal size (Cooling Rate) Ex. Rock Salt, Gypsum

  9. Fossils • Plant or animal remains left over in a rock. • Only found in sedimentary rocks • Would melt or burn in igneous or metamorphic rocks

  10. Metamorphic Rock • Igneous and Sedimentary rocks undergo Heat, and Pressure to “Morph” into a metamorphic rock. • Foliated • Grains in rocks are arranged in parallel layers • Distinct pattern • “Bands of colors” • Non-Foliated • Grains in rocks are arranged randomly • No distinct pattern or layers Ex. Gneiss Ex. Soapstone

  11. The Rock Cycle

  12. GOOD LUCK!!!! STUDY!!!!

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