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Rocks and Minerals

This comprehensive guide provides an overview of the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, detailing their formation processes. It explores the basic components of Earth's crust, including the most common elements like oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. The differences between rocks and minerals are explained, highlighting that rocks are mixtures of minerals. Additionally, it introduces methods for identifying minerals through physical characteristics and provides examples of prominent minerals and rocks, enhancing your geological knowledge.

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Rocks and Minerals

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  1. Rocks and Minerals By Kenrick Leiba

  2. 3 Kinds of Rock • Igneous – rock that has melted and re-solidified. • Sedimentary – Formed from sediments that have been compacted and cemented together. • Metamorphic – Rock that has been changed by heat and pressures.

  3. Layers of the Earth

  4. Some revision on mixtures, compounds and elements • An element has one kind of atom • A compound has two more kinds of atoms in a fixture ratio • A mixture is mix of two or more substances that are NOT bonded.

  5. Most common Elements in the Earth’s crust • oxygen-46.4% • silicon-28.2% • aluminum-8.2% • iron-5.6% • calcium-4.2% • sodium-2.4% • magnesium-2.3% • potassium-2%

  6. Make up of the Earth’s Crust

  7. How do Rocks differ from minerals? • A mineral has a known chemical composition with a fixed ratio of elements. (could be an element or compound) • Rocks are made up of two or more minerals. • Therefore a Rock is a solid mixture of minerals the way cake is a mixture of eggs, flour, water etc.

  8. How to identify Minerals • Look at the following slides. Each shows several differ same samples of the same mineral. • What feature might be most useful for identification. What problems might you encounter.

  9. Examples of minerals • Quartz

  10. Sulphur

  11. Hematite

  12. Feldspar

  13. Mica

  14. Olivine

  15. Some examples of rocks • The following are some examples of different types of rocks.

  16. Granite

  17. Basalt

  18. Most common minerals • On the surface of continental crust: Quartz • In the whole crust: Feldspar • In the mantle: Olivine

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