1. TYPES OF INTERACTION Nana Shavishvili December 10, 2004

2. Language Classroom Teacher Learner Learning

3. IRF IRF (Initiation- Response- Feedback). • The teacher initiates an exchange (usually in the form of a question). • One of the students answers (or responds). • The teacher gives feedback (i.e. assessment, correction, comment), initiates the next question, and so on.

4. Types of Language Interaction • TT- Teacher very active, students only receptive • T- Teacher active, students mainly receptive • TS- Teacher and students fairly equally active • S- Students active, teacher mainly receptive • SS- Students very active, teacher only receptive.

5. Interaction Patterns • Teacher talk (TT) • Choral responses (T) • Closed-ended teacher questioning (IRF) (T) • Open-ended teacher questioning (TS) • Student initiates, teacher answers (TS) • Individual work (S) • Full-class interaction (S) • Collaboration (S) • Group work (S) • Self-access (SS)

6. Group Work Methodology

7. The steps in conducting group work • 1 Introduce the technique • 2 Justify the use of small groups for the technique • 3 Give explicit detailed instructions • 4 Divide the class into groups • 5 Check for clarification • 6 Set the task in motion: • a Do not sit at your desk and grade papers • b Do not leave the room and take a break • c Do not spend an undue amount of time with one group at the expense of others • d Do not correct students’ errors unless asked to • e Do not assume a dominating or disruptive role while monitoring groups

8. Classroom Climate- How to create a favorable classroom environment • 1. Classroom is clean, well-lighted, comfortable, and full of ‘realia’ • 2. No praising indiscriminately • 3. Everyone knows each other • 4. Activities at appropriate level • 5. Allow students a measure of choice • 6. Choose activities that help establish relationships between students • 7. Limit group size. No more than 5 or 6 in a group • 8. Set a clear time limit. [Use an egg timer to be a neutral timekeeper]

9. Types of tasks • Games • Role-play and simulations • Drama • Projects • Interview • Brainstorming • Information gap • Jigsaw • Problem-solving and decision-making • Opinion exchange.

10. Lessons from Geese

11. Lesson 1 • As each bird flaps its wings, it creates uplift for others behind him. There is 71% more flying range in V-formation, than flying alone. • Lesson: People who share a common direction and sense of common purpose can get there quicker.

12. Lesson 2 • Whenever a goose flies out of formation, it quickly feels the drag and tries to get back into position. • Lesson: It’s harder to do something alone than together.

13. Lesson 3 • When the lead goose gets tired, it rotates back into formation and another goose flies at the head. • Lesson: Shared leadership and interdependence gives us each a chance to lead as well as opportunities to rest.

14. Lesson 4 • The geese in formation honk from behind to encourage those up front to keep up their speed. • Lesson: We need to make sure our honking is encouraging and not discouraging.

15. Lesson 5 • When a goose gets sick or wounded and falls, two geese fall out and stay with it until it revives or dies. Then they catch up or join another flock. • Lesson: Stand by your colleagues in difficult times as well as in good.