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Orientation and Mobility Evaluations for Students with Low Vision: Key Considerations

This chapter discusses essential methods for conducting Orientation and Mobility (O&M) evaluations for students with low vision. Assessments should take place in various environments and lighting conditions to understand individual needs. Distinctions between reduced acuity and restricted fields are emphasized. It highlights the role of telescopes and non-optical devices in improving mobility, as well as the psychosocial aspects of adjusting to visual impairment, including stages of acceptance and coping strategies. O&M professionals should also be prepared to address public perceptions and family attitudes toward low vision.

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Orientation and Mobility Evaluations for Students with Low Vision: Key Considerations

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  1. Chapter 3 Low Vision for O&M

  2. Evaluations on students with low vision must be done in a variety of settings during, different times of day, under different lighting conditions, etc. • Significant difference between reduced acuity and reduced fields. • Telescopes can assist students with orientation by improving distance visual acuity for spotting purposes. • Non-optical devices can help control illumination

  3. Reverse telescopes and Fresnel prisms may assist students with severely restricted fields. • Driving with low vision is possible in many states. O&M teaches use of bioptics, NOT driving skills. • Electronic travel aids for low vision are still being developed. Head mounted displays are at the forefront of this technology.

  4. Common Functional mobility problems for students with low vision • Lighting and glare • Changes in terrain and elevation • Unwanted contacts • Street crossings

  5. Chapter 6 - Psychosocial Dimensions of O&M • Tuttle & Tuttle (2004) describe the 7 stages of adjustment to visual impairment: • Trauma • Shock & Denial • Mourning and Withdrawal • Succumbing and Depression • Reassessment and Reaffirmation • Coping and Mobilization • Self-Acceptance and Self-Esteem

  6. A student’s outcome expectations are likely to effect his/her motivation in O&M. • O&M’s need to be ready to help clients deal with uninformed attitudes of general public & families.

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