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Buckling of Column. Buckling of Column. Buckling of Column. Eccentrically – Loaded Columns. Eccentrically – Loaded Columns. Eccentrically – Loaded Columns. Eccentrically – Loaded Columns. Eccentrically – Loaded Columns. Stresses in Column. Inelastic Buckling. Inelastic Buckling.
                
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Inelastic Buckling Case 1 due to presence of residual stress (in steel) Average stress =  elastic across the whole section +  smeared over the whole cross section.