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Library Design in the Digital Age

Library Design in the Digital Age. Presentation by Bridgette Billingslea. Library Architecture of the Past.

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Library Design in the Digital Age

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  1. Library Design in the Digital Age Presentation by Bridgette Billingslea

  2. Library Architecture of the Past • Libraries over the centuries have been designed to hold the collective intellectual wealth of the times. They have been symbols of wealth and power, as well as centers of enlightenment and education, centers for preservation of history and culture, repositories for maps, and important legal and religious documents. • In the case of the Vatican Library, (top photo), they have also been designed to hide materials deemed dangerous to religion. The Vatican Library kept materials chained to the desks until 1613 and ancient collections are locked away in secret rooms and compartments. The Vatican amassed countless literary and historical treasures while at the same time restricting access to its collections. • The Monastic Library at St. Gall in Switzerland was founded in the 6th century (bottom photo), it is an example of a library designed for religious study. Religious scholars traveled across Europe to study here.

  3. Religious and Monastic Libraries • These libraries were designed primarily for the edification of its members and for advancing the teachings of Christ. The design emphasis is placed on using the richest materials, colorful ceiling frescoes and paintings. The Abbey Library of St Gall (shown above), was rebuilt in the late 16th century to include precious woods, gold leaf scrollwork, rococo decorations and frescoes.

  4. English Libraries • Libraries associated with universities and academia shifted away from the highly decorative style of design favored by religious institutions. The heavy religious ornamentation was replaced with scores of wooden bookshelves and enclaves for quiet reflection and serious study. In the case of the Bodleian Library at Oxford University (top left), prior to electrification in 1929, lighting was provided solely by floor-to-ceiling windows. • Wren Library, Trinity College Cambridge University, (top right) designed in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The checkerboard marble floor was installed to reduce the sound of foot noise. The natural lighting was provided by 24 large bay windows set between three sided bookshelves with study tables and chairs in between each alcove.

  5. French Libraries • The Mazarine Library Paris, France, built from 1660-1688 with oak woodwork, ironwork on the galleries; busts made from bronze and marble are found throughout the library • Les Cabinets de Livres du Duc D’Amale Chantilly, France. This library was built by a true bibliophile created to house his massive collection of books, maps and artifacts.

  6. Royal Libraries of Spain and Portugal • El Escorial in Spain, top left, was commissioned by King Phillip II as both a monastery and a repository for his literary treasures, maps, globes, paintings, and scientific instruments. There are marble floors in 3 different shades of gray as well as vivid ceiling frescoes. • The National Palace Library in Portugal, top right, was built by King Joao V as both a monastic library and royal palace. It never reached it’s full grandeur having fallen victim to the economic downturn in the Portuguese colonies, and an earthquake.

  7. American Libraries • The New York Public Library Reading Room, shown right, costs 9 million dollars to build in 1902, most of which was donated by New York City’s elite high society. Many of the ornate decorations seen in European libraries, such as frescoes, elaborate woodwork, and marble floors can also be found in this library.

  8. Washington, D.C. • The idea for the National Library of Congress was conceived prior to 1800, it opened November 1, 1897. The Reading Room is shown right. Although the style of the building resembles those in Paris and Vienna, all the work was awarded to American artisans, including, marble workers, sculptors, tilers, fresco painters, and artists that specialized in stucco and bronze.

  9. Boston Anthanaeum • Founded in 1807 by Boston’s elite, this library has carpets, fireplaces and mahogany furniture which befits its use as both a library and a private club. Membership is reserved for it’s shareholding members, young associate members, and authorized university students and researchers. The library is open to the public for exhibitions.

  10. Library Design of the Present • The Clinton Presidential Library in Arkansas has the highest green rating of any library in the world

  11. Open Access = Open Design in Finland

  12. Turku City Library, Finland • Modern design built to harmonize with an existing historical structure. • The design makes use of glass and natural light. The major design premise used was flexibility. The furniture can be moved to change the function of the rooms and accommodate new media. • Design includes café and meeting rooms, a courtyard for cultural events, reception and lounge area, a children’s and youth section • Top photo, the “news market” a more modern version of the periodicals reading room.

  13. Royal Library of Copenhagen , Denmark

  14. Taipei Public Library, Taiwan • The Taipei Public Library completed in 2002 is the first green library in Taiwan. Recycled wood and steel were used in its construction. The roof of the facility has plants and grasses planted to absorb rainwater that is channeled into recycle tanks. The windows are equipped with shades and lattices to block the light and reduce the need for air conditioning. Each level of the library has wraparound verandas so that patrons can sit outside and read. • As a result of the pleasing design aesthetic this library patronage has increased to four times the amount of the other branches in the library system.

  15. Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt

  16. Bibliotheca Alexandrina • Built near the ancient site of the Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria Egypt. This library has a massive reading room that receives indirect, vertical light from the north so that books and manuscripts are not exposed. Photos, top and bottom right, book stacks and Media Room of the Alexandrina Library.

  17. Library Design of the Future • Design Concept for Exterior and Interior of the National Library of Prague • This design includes a viewing platform, café, and reading rooms. • Upon it’s completion in 2011, the library will have 10 million books stored underground, accessible via an automated storage and retrieval system. Books will be distributed to patrons via this automated system within 5 minutes of the request.

  18. Future Design – Middle East • King Abdullahaziz Library, Saudi Arabia, both exterior and interior views. This library design based on 6 concepts: the past and future, introvert and extrovert, repository and beacon, diversity and unity, teamwork, and energy. • The library broke ground in May 2008 and should be completed in 2011. The design will include an auditorium, cinema, library exhibition hall, museum and archive.

  19. Interior, King Abdullahaziz Library

  20. Library Design in the Digital AgeConclusion • The Future of Library Design involves building functional spaces for flexible use, bringing together all types of information and media in a one-stop fits all aesthetically pleasing location allowing open access to information for all.

  21. Photo Credits • Slide 1-Opening slide • Slide 2- http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/06/23/arts/23.vatican.span.jpg, http://hitec.i.hosei.ac.jp/information/info08/info_koen081125_en.html • Slide 3- http://hitec.i.hosei.ac.jp/information/info08/info_koen081125_en.html • Slide 4-http://www.emilydickinsoninternationalsociety.org/oxford.html, http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Cambridgeshire/Cambridge-315845/Things_To_Do-Cambridge-Trinity_College-BR-1.html • Slide 5-http://www.ladir.cnrs.fr/ArtRaman2005/images/Mazarine-Salle-Lecture.jpeg, http://www.pbase.com/marcdemoulin/image/41294100 • Slide 6- http://www.photographyblogger.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/library15.jpg, http://www.linkinn.com/ Librophiliac Love Letter A Compendium of Beautiful Libraries • Slide 7 -http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/2540/20080908154421/www.libraryjournal.com/articles/images/LJ/20080915/ljx080902lbdfleet.jpg • Slide 8- • Slide 9-http://artsboston.org/images/org/7073/fifth_floor_straightened_smaller.jpg • Slide 10-Arno de la Chapelle, credit:http://www.e-architect.co.uk/finland/turku_city_library.html • Slide 11-Arno de la Chapelle, credit:http://www.e-architect.co.uk/finland/turku_city_library.html • Slide 12-Ralph Richter Photography • Slide 13-http://thegreenlibraryblog.blogspot.com/2008_10_01_archive.html • Slide 14-http://www.e-architect.co.uk/egypt/alexandria_library.html • Slide 15-http://www.e-architect.co.uk/egypt/alexandria_library.html • Slide 16- http://www.e-architect.co.uk/prague/national_library_prague.html • Slide 17- King Abdullahaziz Library, Saudi Arabia, http://www.e-architect.co.uk/saudi_arabia/king_abdulaziz_library.html • Slide 18- King Abdullahaziz Library, Saudi Arabia, http://www.e-architect.co.uk/saudi_arabia/king_abdulaziz_library.html

  22. Information Sources • Slide 1 - pages 62-69 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slides 2-3 - pages 124-125 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 4-pages 138-149 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 5-pages 84-85 and 113-114,”The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 6- pages 190-201 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 7-pages 228-229 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 8-pages 218-220 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 9-pages 208-209 from “The Most Beautiful Libraries in the World” by Jacques Bosser • Slide 10-Humanities International Complete Clinton Library Receives Highest Green Building Rating. Prologue Spring2008, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p63-63 2008 The article reports on the designation of the William J. Clinton Library in Little Rock, Arkansas as one of the most energy efficient and environmentally friendly places to work in the U.S. by the Green Buildings Council under its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED-EB) Green Building program. It is noted that only 29 other buildings have achieved the LEED platinum designation in the world. A Silver Certification was given to the Clinton Library when in opened in July 2004 under the LEED for New Construction. • Slide 12- http://www.e-architect.co.uk/finland/turku_city_library.html • Slide 14-New Library World Vol. 109 No. 7/8, 2008pp. 321-336q Emerald Group Publishing Limited0307-4803 • DOI 10.1108/03074800810888159 • Slide 16- http://www.e-architect.co.uk/egypt/alexandria_library.html • Slide 17- http://www.e-architect.co.uk/prague/national_library_prague.html • Slide 18- http://www.e-architect.co.uk/saudi_arabia/king_abdulaziz_library.html • Slide 19- http://www.e-architect.co.uk/saudi_arabia/king_abdulaziz_library.html

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