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Understanding the Integumentary System: Skin Layers, Functions, and Health Risks

This chapter delves into the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system, focusing on the skin's various layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. It describes the structure and function of different skin components, including melanin, hair follicles, and glands, emphasizing their roles in protection, temperature regulation, and sensory perception. The text also outlines the importance of skin health, highlighting risks like melanoma and the significance of the ABCD rule for early detection. Gain insights into the biological mechanisms that underlie skin color and aging.

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Understanding the Integumentary System: Skin Layers, Functions, and Health Risks

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  1. Chapter 5 1040 Integumentary

  2. Skin • ______ – superficial and thinner • _____ – deeper and thicker • ______ – areolar and adipose tissue • Not technically part of the skin • Aka subcutaneous layer • Contains nerves, blood and fat • Function of fat

  3. Epidermis • _________________________ • Why? • Layers • Stratum basale – deepest • Single row of cuboidal or columnar • All stem cells are here • Stratum spinosum • Flatten and keratinize • Stratum granulosum • Lipid water repellent • More flat and more keratinized and beginning to die • Stratum corneum • Dead cells

  4. Layers • Stratum ____________ • Shedding layer – help protect against injur and invasion

  5. Dermis • _________________ – why? • Has nerves and blood to feed it and epidermis • Sun exposure causes wrinkling by disrupting collagen and elastic fibers

  6. Melanin • In basal layer • Same ________ of melanocytes in all people – skin color is based on melanin production • Accumulations of melanin • Liver spots and freckles

  7. Hair • Fused dead keratinized cells • Keratin – tough protecting protein • Hair follicles have ____________ • Hair stands on end • Has _____________ (oil) • Hair color – based on melanocytes • Gray – loss of melanin • Blond and red – more iron and sulfur in melanin • Alopecia

  8. Glands • ____sweat glands – located over most of the body • Regulates body temp • ____ sweat glands – armpit, groin, breast, beard • Begin function at puberty • Stimulated by stress and sex

  9. Nails • Hard, packed, keratinized epidermal cells • Cuticle is stratum corneum • ________ – white part due to thick stratum basale hiding vascular bed • Nail matrix – gives rise to new nail

  10. Skin function • Temp regulation • Protection • Sensation • Excretion and absorption (garlic) • ______ synthesis • UV activates Vit D • Helps absorp calcium and phosphorus from GI tract

  11. ABCD for melanoma • Asymmetry, border irregularity, color variegation, diameter >6mm. • Red, white, blue with notched border and has a papule or nodule w/in • 10% are missed w/ the ABCDs • Incr rate of occurrence faster than any other cancer in US • Ages 15-50yoa m/c • 1:90 chance of developing melanoma • Cancer of melanocytes • Risk factors: sunlight, heredity, large # of nevi, large nevi

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