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SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program

SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program. The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program is funded principally through a grant from the SPE Foundation . The society gratefully acknowledges the companies that support this program by allowing their professionals to participate as lecturers.

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SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program

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  1. SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program is funded principally through a grant from the SPE Foundation. The society gratefully acknowledges the companies that support this program by allowing their professionals to participate as lecturers. Special thanks to the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) for its contribution to the program. Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl

  2. A Twenty-Five Year Perspective on Use of Pressure Transient Analysis Robert H. Hite Shell International E&P Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl

  3. What’s in the Title? • Twenty-five Years

  4. 1983 Tektronix 4014Pressure Analysis WorkstationPAWSCost 72,000 USD

  5. Log-Log Diagnostic PlotBourdet 1983 Bourdet, D., et al., “A New Set of Type Curves Simplifies Well Test Analysis”, World Oil, May, 1983, 95-106.

  6. What’s in the Title? • Twenty-five Years • Use of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) • This lecture illustrates how we have used PTA in the last 25 years. By understanding that, you can use this technology better in the future.

  7. The Three Big Questions • Why do we do it? • How can we do it better? • What’s the big picture?

  8. Why Do We do Well Tests? • Fluids - (gas or oil, PVT, surface processing issues, pipeline design) • Rate - Reservoir (permeability) • Rate - Completion (skin, length, conductivity) • Continuity - (compartments, drainage area, nearby boundaries)

  9. Rationales for Exploratory and Appraisal Well Tests Rate Reservoir Continuity Rate Completion Fluids 1993 Shell Case Studies

  10. 1 foot 127 hrs. of infinite-acting radial flow Continuity Well TestingThin-Beds Tahoe SPE 24875 by C.D. White, et al.

  11. Skin Analyses on Gulf of Mexico Wells

  12. Skin Analyses on Gulf of Mexico Wells

  13. Permanent Downhole Pressure Dataset Pressure (psia) q (stb/d) 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

  14. Wireline Formation Tester & Closed System 2003 Flare Optimum Value Testing 1991 Produce Liquids to Tanker 2001

  15. Wireline Formation TesterMini Drill Stem Test tool on Pipe Another observation probe possible at 4.5 or 7m Observation while Producing Probe Module 2 m Packer Module 1 m Producing Interval

  16. Distribution of Perm, 53-ft Thickness, Kavg = 106 md Red – Producing Zone Gray – Observation Probes

  17. K*H reduction more severe than lab data. Probably loss of H. Lab Data Set 1 Lab Data Set 2 How does Perm-Thickness Change?

  18. What is a horizontal well? SPE 104480 by P.S. Fair

  19. Varying Numbers of Beds in 88-degree Slant Well Pseudo-Radial Flow Linear Flow Early Radial Flow SPE 104480 by P.S. Fair

  20. Varying Numbers of Beds in 88-degree Slant Well Pseudo-Radial Flow Linear Flow Early Radial Flow SPE 104480 by P.S. Fair

  21. Summary and Conclusions • Why do we do it? • Pie chart – 21-test 1993-lookback • Continuity test - thin beds • Skin distributions • How can we do it better? • Permanent downhole gauges for well and reservoir management • Wireline Formation Tester – cheaper and safer but more information

  22. Summary and Conclusions • What’s the big picture? • PTA results versus petrophysical lab perm data • Geological layering for accurate interpretation of horizontal wells • Most examples are from Gulf of Mexico but principles are universal.

  23. Backup&Extras

  24. Estimation of PTA Perm from Petrophysical Data

  25. Rationales for Exploratory and Appraisal Well Tests Rate Reservoir Continuity Rate Completion Fluids 1993 Shell Case Studies

  26. Shell Offshore Inc.Average Ultimate Recovery Mensa Auger Mars Popeye Ram Powell

  27. 1999 Deepwater Initial Well Rates

  28. Optimal Value TestingWhat is it? • Fit for purpose with lowest cost and HSE impact • Any test where hydrocarbons are not produced directly to surface • New in toolbox • Wireline formation test • Closed system test • Injection test `

  29. Comparison of Permeability Estimates

  30. Sequential BU’s Showing Loss of H Acid Jobs

  31. Pseudo-Skin Factors for Slant Wells SPE 104480 by P.S. Fair

  32. Holistic Well Testing • All of the input data • All of the gauges • All of the build-up • All of the build-ups • All of the production history • All of the non-well test data • Operational • Petrophysical • Geological                                                      

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