1 / 31

Population as a System

Births. In-migrants. Inputs. Population Gain. +. +. Total Population. Processes & Stores. _. _. Natural Change. Migrational Change. Population Loss. Outputs. Deaths. Out-migrants. Population as a System.

arden-glover
Télécharger la présentation

Population as a System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Births In-migrants Inputs Population Gain + + Total Population Processes & Stores _ _ Natural Change Migrational Change Population Loss Outputs Deaths Out-migrants Population as a System Task 1: After discussing the terminology above, complete worksheet-’Population as a system’

  2. Factors affecting fertility Population fertility (A factor affecting population change) Measurements of fertility: Crude birth rate is the common method of measuring fertility. CBR = Total number of births X1000 or X100(%) Total population CBR does not take into account the age and gender (sex) of the population. In 1997 this was 24 per 1000. Task 2: Write down these definitions

  3. Crude Birth Rates 1991

  4. Birth rate figures

  5. Crude Birth Rates - Asia Annual births per 1,000 population 40.00 to 53.00  28.00 to 39.99  21.00 to 27.99  13.00 to 20.99   8.00 to 12.99

  6. CRUDE BR - ASIA Birth Rate (births per 1,000 population) Afghanistan 42 Bangladesh 29 Bhutan 37 Brunei 25 Burma 29 Cambodia 42 China 16 Hong Kong 13 India 26 Indonesia 23 Sri Lanka 18 Taiwan 15 Thailand 17 Vietnam 22 Iran 31 Japan 10 Laos 41 Macau 13 Malaysia 27 Maldives 40 Mongolia 24 Nepal 36 North Korea 17 Pakistan 34 Philippines 28 Singapore 14 South Korea 16 Task 3: List the CBR from 3 countries that you are likely to remember in Asia. You must be able to remember these for your exam.

  7. CRUDE BR - EUROPE Annual births per 1,000 population 40.00 to 53.00  28.00 to 39.99  21.00 to 27.99  13.00 to 20.99  8.00 to 12.99

  8. CRUDE BR - EUROPE Birth rate (births per 1,000 population) Albania 21 Austria 10 Belgium 10 Bosnia 9 Croatia 10 Denmark 12 Finland 11 France 12 Germany 9 Greece 10 Hungary 11 Iceland 15 Ireland 13 Italy 9 Luxembourg 11 Netherlands 12 Norway 13 Poland 10 Portugal 11 Russia 28 Serbia 13 Spain 10 Sweden 12 Switzerland 11 Ukraine 10 UK 12 Task 3: List the CBR from 3countries that you are likely to remember in Europe

  9. Crude birth rate: number of live births per 1000 people per year.http://www.undp.org/ • Crude due to not taking into account pop structure (i.e. whole pop used) and many births not registered in LEDCs. Task 4: Look at page 357 in Waugh Third edition (fig 13.19 and describe (say what you see) the patterns of crude birth rate globally. Use continents, countries, compass directions, coastal etc and relate to key areas around the world.

  10. Total fertility rate is the number of children born to a women during her lifetime (Child bearing years is usually referred to as 15-50). Hence more accurate than Crude Birth rate. • TFR obviously varies across the world and currently the world TFR is 3.1. The TFR for the UK is 1.8 and in Sierra Leone (West Africa) it is 6.5. • Age specific fertility rate (ASFR) is a measure of the number of children born to each age group, in relation to the number of woman in that age group Seven age groups are conventionally used across the span 15-49 years. ASFRs are normally expressed as per 1000 women in each age group. More definitions Task 5: Write down these definitions

  11. Age Specific Fertility Rates

  12. General Fertility Rate (GFR) • Is the number of live births per 1000 women in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) in a specific year: • GFR No of births • Women in 15-49 age range X1000 per Year Task 6: View worksheet in booklets ‘Fertility’ Students to read and highlight Key definitions Task 7: Complete all questions on the ‘Fertility Questions’

  13. Replacement level fertility–When there is just enough children born to balance the numbers that die i.e. keep the population totals constant. The figure is about 2.1(TFR). The figure is over 2 due to child mortality rates/females dying during the child bearing period and therefore some females do not go through the full child bearing age and have less children and on average there are slightly more boys than girls born. Example 100 females have 210 children and 10 die before they reach child bearing age etc. Task 8: Write down this definition

  14. The replacement rate is not met in the following countries: UK (TFR) 1.7, China and Germany 1.3 , Spain and Italy 1.3. • Task 9: Using pages 51 and 52 of Pop, resources and development (Sheet available in booklets), make notes under the following headings: • Demographic factors • Sociocultural factors • Economic factors • EXTENSION WORK – WELL DONE FOR GETTING THIS FAR • View the graphs on page 47 P,R & D and describe the changes and predicted changes since 1955 in replacement levels. Try and give reasons for this trend.

  15. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE 1996

  16. TOTAL FERTILITY RATE

  17. PERCENTAGE CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE, 1997

  18. Abortion Laws Task 10: View the worksheet ‘Factors affecting Fertility – Sexual union’-Read & highlight and if necessary summarise the information

  19. Fertility Rates and Education Levels

  20. Task 11: Produce a table placing each factor of fertility in the correct column. (Columns should be, biological, economic, socio-cultural, political) and complete the table by copying in the information in the next slide. Fertility trends and their effects on population trends. Extension Task: Pages 10-13 (Human systems) Read and perform the four tasks.

  21. Spatial patterns of fertility: Aims: To understand the broad, global patterns of fertility and be able to describe and account for these patterns • Age of marriage e.g. marriage generally is younger in sub Saharan Africa than Europe. • Monogamy/Pologamy (e.g. muslims having more than one wife) • Widowhood/divorce • Spousal separation (i.e away working elsewhere e.g. urban migrants in LEDCs. • Coital frequency (how often you have sex) • Post birth abstinence (not wanting sex after a child) • Natural sterility (Inability to conceive or have a child) • Pathological sterility (Disease related due to infections e.g. gonorrhoea) • Lactational amenorrhea (can’t get pregnant whilst breast feeding • Contraceptive use • Spontaneous abortion • Induced abortion • Emancipation of women/status of women (Freedom)/ religious beliefs/literacy rates. • Government policies- (see sheet) • The value of children • Ways in which birth rates can be changed. • Economic cost of children • Level of education • Nature of Employment • Type of residence • Religious beliefs • Health care • Family status.

  22. Factors affecting fertility

  23. The value of having Children Categories the factors below into the table above Security in old age Overcrowding of family residence Living through children Food, clothing & shelter all have to be provided Continuation of family name Marital bonds strengthened Help with domestic chores Emotional strain Companionship, love, happiness Disciplinary problems Mental strain Expense of education Fulfilment Incentive to succeed Loss of parental wage earnings Parents feeling tied down Financial contribution to household Task 12: On the worksheet ‘The value of having children’, place the factors on the right in the correct box

  24. Answers

  25. Homework-Research and Present: • In pairs, you will be given one of the following continents: • Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, North America, Oceania. • Choose 5 countries from your continent and find out their fertility rates. http://www.undp.org: • Use an outline map to show the countries • Give factors, be as specific as you can to explain the fertility rates from research, knowledge and articles in the booklet. • Present this as a PPT, and print handout slides for other students and present your findings to the rest of the group.

  26. Homework (MAY NOT USE) : View a fertility map. Using the map and fertility rates from the sheet etc. http://www.undp.org: Use the information from the presentations to answer the structured essay question found on page 38 of your booklet. Get map and question off link and learn. For exam question must include: Describe: General spatial pattern TFRs including listing countries. Geographical patterns, areas of the world, continents, tropical regions etc. similarities between regions.

  27. Explanation: Refer to specific countries within continents. Explain why TFR are high or low (i.e. the factors which contribute to this) Use both general and specific examples. Use the terminology requested e.g. environmental, economic, social, cultural, political factors e.g. China’s decrease in TFR is influenced by the political factor of the governments intervention of the One Child Policy. etc,.

More Related