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Earth as a System

Earth as a System. (Sect 1-2 & 1-4). Satellite image of ash cloud being spewed from fissure in Chile’s Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Range, June 7, 2011. A. System. A system is an organized group of related objects or components that work independently and interact to create a whole.

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Earth as a System

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  1. Earth as a System (Sect 1-2 & 1-4)

  2. Satellite image of ash cloud being spewed from fissure in Chile’s Puyehue-CordónCaulle Volcanic Range, June 7, 2011

  3. A. System • A system is an organized group of related objects or components that work independently and interact to create a whole. • Systems have matter and energy that flow freely through the system. • How matter and energy are transferred determines whether the system is closed or open. • A closed system is a system where only energy is transferred or exchanged with its surroundings. • Matter is not part of this exchange.

  4. A. System Example of a Closed System • Energy, in the form of • light, can enter. • Energy can leave, too, as • heat passes out through • the glass walls of the jar. • But if the jar is tipped • over, the tea stays in. • As a closed system, the • jar of tea does not share • matter with its surroundings.

  5. A. System An opensystem includes the transfer and exchange of both matter and energy with the system's surroundings. An example of a open system: The jar of iced tea would become an open system if the lid of the jar were to be removed, allowing some of the tea to evaporate. If a lemon slice were added, new matter would enter the system.

  6. B. Earth’s Major Spheres Atmosphere Biosphere All Air, gases All Living Things Geosphere Hydrosphere All Rock material All Liquid/Frozen Water

  7. C. Atmosphere

  8. C. Atmosphere • Thin gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth • Approximately 100 km above the Earth’s surface. • The Atmosphere Provides: • Air we breath • Protection (solar heat and radiation) • Energy exchanged between space, atmosphere and Earth’s surface produce weather and climate.

  9. D. The Geosphere • Geosphere is divided into 3 main parts based on composition of material (Crust,Mantle Core):

  10. D. The Geosphere • Crust: • Continental (thicker less dense) • Oceanic (thinner, more dense)

  11. C. The Geosphere • Mantle: • Lithosphere = crust + uppermost rigid mantle • Asthenosphere = upper mantle that is softer, flows • Lower mantle = also called mesosphere

  12. D. The Geosphere • Core: made of iron and nickel • Outer core (liquid), causes magnetic field • Inner Core (solid): even though hotter, pressure too high for liquid state)

  13. D. The Geosphere • The surface of Earth is covered with plates: • Plate Tectonics:Theory (i.e., an explanation) as to why continents have moved and the occurrence of EQs and volcanic eruptions. • Constructive and destructive process

  14. E. Biosphere

  15. E. Biosphere • Includes all life on Earth • Extends from the ocean floor upward into the atmosphere. • Living things form ecological communities called biomes. • Examples of biomes include: • Deserts • Grasslands • Tropical Rainforests

  16. F. Hydrosphere

  17. F. Hydrosphere • All of the Earth’s water makes up the hydrosphere. • Water is continually moving • Evaporation • Precipitation • Running Water (i.e. streams and rivers) • Oceans account for 97% . • Fresh water accounts for 3% • Groundwater, streams, lakes and glaciers • Sustaining life • Creates Earths Features • Availability of fresh water determines where many organisms can live.

  18. F. Hydrosphere

  19. Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere • Spheres are interconnected and interdependent • Soil is an interface between all of these

  20. G. Earth as a System • The Sun (light) drives external processes that occur in atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere

  21. H. People and The Environment • Humans can alter the system as well. • Environmental Science:focuses on relationships between people and natural world. • Resources that society depends on are formed by natural processes on Earth • Water, soil, metal and nonmetal minerals (ores), and energy Sample from a zinc ore mine in Franklain, NJ

  22. H. People and The Environment • Renewable Resources • Replenished over short time • Ex: plants/animals for food, natural fibers, forest products for lumber and paper • Energy: flowing water, wind, solar energy • Nonrenewable Resources • Replenished only over VERY long time periods because process to create is SLOW • Ex: Aluminum, Copper (though these can recycle) • Energy: fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, coal

  23. H. People and The Environment • Population • How long will supplies of basic resources last??? http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html • As population increases, so does demand for resources. Especially as world societies become developed.

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