1. Audio-Visual-Oral English for Medical Purpose Luyi (卢易） Wenzhou Medical College Email: wmcluyi@sohu.com

2. AVOE-II-unit 1 Medical Training

3. A small library basic medical sciences • 解剖学 • 生理学 • 生化学 • 组胚学 • 微生物学 • 流行病学 • 药理学 • 寄生虫学 • 遗传学 • anatomy • physiology • biochemistry • embryology • microbiology • epidemiology • pharmacology • parasitology • genetics

4. 内科学 外科学 妇科学 产科学 儿科学 神经病学 眼科学 骨科学 检验医学 A small library Clinical Medicine & Medical Technology • internal medicine • surgery • gynecology • obstetrics • pediatrics • neurology • ophthalmology • orthopedics • lab medicine • physician • surgeon • gynecologist • obstetrician • pediatrician • neurologist • ophthalmologist • orthopedic surgeon • Lab technician

5. Medical Education in North America AVOE-II Unit 1 B.S four years of college or university M.D. four years of medical school course learning hospital intership residency Private practitioner (licensed) Specialist (medical group) University professor (Ph.D) Continuing medical education

6. AVOE-II Unit 1 Glossary Preview of this Unit • physician • surgeon • technique • cadaver • incision • muscle dissection • degenerative disease • invasive • state-of-the-art • spine • vertebra

7. Continuing Medical Education in the U.S. AVOE-II Unit 1 • sugery—back surgery—endoscopic sursery • surgeon--neurosurgeon- orthopedic surgeon • learn new skills on a cadaver– due to the generosity of individuals who donate their body to the teaching hospital • Endoscope: a tiny camera attached to an instrument used on a surgical site, projecting what the instrument is seeing to the video monitor • Endoscopic surgery: a new technique? What benefits does it have? • Lora Claypool: degenerative disk disease; a prime candidate for endoscopic spine surgery

8. AVOE-II-Unit 1 Task 2: Spot Dictation Watch the first part of the video clip “Continuing Medical Education” and complete the following passage with the words from the vedio. (1) residency (2) setting (3) colleagues (4) scene (5) masks Task 3: True or False Watch the second part of the video clip and decide whether the following information is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) T (8) T

9. AVOE-II-Unit 1 Task 4: Blank Filling Watch the third part of the video clip and complete the following questions with the words from the vedio. 1. for more than a decade 2. less invasive 3. State-of-the-art care 4. for the patients’ benefit 5. in centain cases Task 5: Note-taking Watch the video clip “ Changes in Medical Education” and take notes according to the cues given below.

10. AVOE-II Unit 1 1. A . Make diagnosis B. prescribe medicine C. perform surgeries 2. A . the rising rates of domestic violence B. elder abuse C. the ever-growing threat of bio-terrorism 3. Changes in the training of doctors 4. A . Lenthy lecture halls…extensive note taking…smaller classes… hands-on training B. An array of subjects… medical error C. the doctor-patient relationship

11. AVOE-II Unit 1 5. A . use information B. they think critically C. they make decisions 6. A . too much to know B. know all this information C. End up changing…studying and memorizing now…in new technology 7. A . Go beyond memorizing facts B. Be able to understand people and society as a whole

12. AVOE-II Unit 1 Task 6: Summary • complete a training program called residency • carry out tests • complete records • do work formerly done by nurses • 100 or more hours • more than 36 hours • do not get enough rest

13. 8. perform their medical duties effectively 9. 80 hours of work each week 10. no more than 24 hours at one time 11. 10 hours of rest 12. welcomed the work limit 13. may interfere with patient care 14. higher costs

14. AVOE-II Unit 1 Task 7: Oral Interpretation Medical Education in the U.S. Men and women in the United States who want to become doctors attend four years of college or university. They usually study science intensively. They study biology, chemistry and other sciences. If they do not, they may have to return to college for more education in science before trying to enter medical school. Some students work for a year or two in a medical research job before they try to seek a place in a medical college.

15. There are 125 medical colleges in the United States. More than 66,000 students are attending medical college. It is difficult to gain entrance to them. Those who do the best in their studies have a greater chance of entering medical school. Each students must pass a national examination to enter medical school. Those who get the top scores have the best chance of being accepted. Most people who want to study medicine seek to enter as many as ten medical school. This increases their chances of being accepted by one.

16. Last year, about 35,00 students applied to medical schools in the United states. About 17,000 were accepted. A medical education is very costly. It costs as much as 30,000 dollars for each year. After entering medical school, students spend the next four years studying only medical sciences. The first two years of medical school are spent mainly in class. The students learn about the body and all its systems. They learn about chemistry and medicines. And they begin studying diseases and how to recognize and treat them. Many students say that the first year of medical school is the most difficult.

17. They must remember a great deal of information. For example, many schools require that students remember the names of every bone in the body. By the third year of medical school, students are ready to use their knowledge to begin helping sick people in a hospital. These students work under the guidance of experienced doctors. Students observe the treatment of patients. They also examine patients and advise treatment. As the students watch and learn, they think about the kind of medicine they would like to practice when they become doctors.

18. Do they want to care for children? Or do they want to care for pregnant women and assist at the birth of babies? Do they want to treat patients with broken bones? Or do they want to operate on the body or the brain? During the fourth year of medical school, students begin seeking to enter a medical training program in a hospital. This training program is called a medical residency. Medical school graduates face strong competition to gain a resident position at the hospitals they want most. Hospitals want the top medical school graduates.

19. What does the word mean to you personally? • D is for devotion that I make to my job. • O is for operation that I perform every day. • C is for career that I would like to devote to all my life. • T is for the time that I spend on the patient. • O is for opinions that I often give my director. • R is for the relationship that I share with my patients.