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Solar System: ground-based

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13 diapositives · 384 Views · Sep 02, 2014

Solar System: ground-based. Inner solar system Mars Outer solar system Dynamics of planetary atmospheres Structure, dynamics and formation outer solar system Many possibilities for synergy Spacecraft: high-resolution snapshot in time; medium resolution spectroscopy unhindered by atmosphere

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  1. Solar System: ground-based • Inner solar system • Mars • Outer solar system • Dynamics of planetary atmospheres • Structure, dynamics and formation outer solar system • Many possibilities for synergy • Spacecraft: high-resolution snapshot in time; medium resolution spectroscopy unhindered by atmosphere • Ground: long term monitoring of entire planet; high resolution spectroscopy in atmospheric windows Ewine van Dishoeck, ESO-ESA coordination meeting, Septemer 15 2003, Garching

  2. I. Inner solar system • Limited ground-based observations possible, but some unique cases, e.g.: • Sun • Structure and dynamics of chromosphere => heating processes • ALMA submillimeter continuum monitoring • ALMA submm recombination lines of corona => magnetic field through Zeeman effect • Moon, Mercury, Near-Earth Asteroids, Mars • Characterizing the (near-) surface thermal and electrical properties and texture, including polar ice caps • ALMA (sub)millimeter continuum maps; radar of NEA • Synergy with SMART-1, Bepi-Colombo

  3. Inner solar system (cont’d) • Venus • Dynamics of middle atmosphere (70-110 km): direct wind measurements • ALMA CO lines at high spatial and spectral resolution “snapshots of atmospheric circulation” • Chemistry of Venus atmosphere • ALMA HCl, H2S, SO2 • Synergy with Venus Express?

  4. II. Mars • Three dimensional water cycle of Mars • ALMA HDO monitoring • Dynamics of middle atmosphere (30-70 km): direct wind measurements • ALMA CO lines at high spatial and spectral resolution “snapshots of atmospheric circulation” • Chemistry of Mars atmosphere: testing photochemical models • ALMA O3, NO, H2O2 • Synergy with Mars missions, e.g. Mars Express, Beagle 2; Herschel

  5. Water on Mars HDO : ALMA 1.3 mm H2O 557 GHz: Herschel

  6. III. Outer Solar System:Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres • How do giant planet atmospheres work? E.g. • Storms on Jupiter and Saturn • Uranus global change • Titan atmosphere • Cometary impacts/accretion of planetesimals; origin of external water • Reference for exo-planetary atmospheres studies • Do minor bodies have atmospheres? If so, composition? • Triton, Pluto, TNO => - Direct wind measurements: ALMA, VLT - Composition: trace species probing key processes, e.g. H3+ VLT; HCN, HDO, minor species: ALMA - Synergy with Cassini/Huygens, Herschel

  7. OWL resolution, Vis Prometheus Volcanism on Io 4.8 m ground image ~ OWL resolution at 4.8 m

  8. Structure, dynamics and history Solar System • Kuiper Belt Objects: remnants of the Sun’s circumstellar disk (putting our solar system in context) • Large asteroids => planets (Pluto, Quaoar, Charon, …): how many? mass? origin? • Mapping orbital dynamics of KBO’s (Plutinos/captured, Scattered disk, Cubewanos/classical, …): clearing of small bodies in planetary system • Origin planetary moons: circumplanetary disk or captured? • Composition surfaces KBO’s: origin? processing? source of H2O and organics on Earth and Mars VST/VLT: finding KBO’s, near-IR spectroscopy in reflected light ALMA: thermal emission => albedo VLTI/OWL: sizes, masses largest KBO’s JWST: near- and mid-IR spectroscopy (reflected, thermal)

  9. Minor planets in solar system Size Quaoar resolved from space but also measured from mm Bertoldi et al. 2002

  10. Comets • Origin solar system: probing the most pristine material • Formation zone comets: inner vs. outer solar system? Scattered? • Relation with circumstellar disk material? - ALMA: composition parent gases, dynamics of coma: mm spectroscopy at high angular (down to 10 km) and velocity (<0.1 km/s) resolution - VLT: composition gases and solids: near-IR, mid-IR spectroscopy; preparatory studies comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko - Rosetta: detailed in-situ study of one comet - JWST: near- and mid-IR spectroscopy of distant comets: silicates, H2O, CO2, - Herschel: mm spectroscopy of comets: H2O

  11. Cometary spectra Crovisier 2000

  12. H2O in comets ISO-SWS Crovisier et al. ALMA: HDO imaging at high spatial resolution (~10 km) => HDO/H2O VLT: HDO 3.7 mm fluorescence Herschel: H2O 557 GHz line monitoring, far-IR lines JWST: H2O near-IR, mid-IR: ortho/para ratio => formation T

  13. Organics in comets Mumma et Al. 2001 Bockelee-Morvan et al. 2000 IR: CH3OH, C2H6, OH, CH4, … Mm: many minor species ALMA, Herschel VLT-CRIRES, VISIR; JWST