Unit 3 and 3.5

1. Unit 3 and 3.5 Renaissance and Reformation By: Katy, Makayla, and Gerardo

2. The Renaissance (1350-1600) 1. Renaissance means “rebirth”. The Renaissance was a time of renewed interest in Greek and Roman literature and life. During this time, there were a lot of new discoveries and ideas, especially in art.

3. Renaissance Vocab • Patron: financial supporter of the arts. • Renaissance Man: a manwho is good at a lot of different things. • 7. Printing Press: the invention that revolutionized the spreading of ideas and knowledge, especially through books.

4. Renaissance Men • 5. Machiavelli: the famous writer of “The Prince”. His book shows his views on how to be a good ruler. He believes that, as a leader, it is better to be feared than loved. • 3. Michelangelo: famous painter of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the Dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral, and sculptor of the Statue of David. • 3. Da Vinci: famous painter of the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper.

5. Humanism • Humanities: study of subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history that were taught in ancient Greece and Rome. • Humanists: one who believes in full, active, meaningful life on Earth, that each individual has dignity and worth, and that people are rational beings, who process the capacity for truth and goodness. • 4. Humanism: the movement of humanists.

6. The Medici Family • They were important patrons of the arts in Florence, Italy – the birthplace of the Renaissance. • They were rich bankers who became the uncrowned rulers of Florence. • 2. The Medici Family funded the Renaissance and it wouldn’t have been possible without them.

7. The Reformation (1500s) • The Reformation was a time of reforms, or changes, in the church. • There were multiple reformations including the Protestant and English Reformations.

8. Reformation Vocab • Indulgences: in the Roman Catholic Church when a person is pardoned for sins committed for money. • Predestination: Calvinist belief that God, long ago, determined who would gain salvation. • Grievances: complaints.

9. The Protestant Reformation • 1517: People were mad about indulgences and revolts began. These were started by Martin Luther. • 6. Martin Luther was a Catholic Monk who wrote the 95 Theses, a list of grievances about the Catholic Church. • 1521: Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X. • Despite this, the printing press quickly spread his ideas and the bible he translated into the common language. • 1530: There was a new church created called the Protestant Church.

10. The English Reformation • 8. Was created because of King Henry XIII. • He wanted to annul (cancel) his marriage to Catherine of Aragon but, the Pope wouldn’t let him. • He then created to Church of England. • After annulling his marriage, he married 5 more times (6 total)! • 1534: Act of Supremacy: King Henry made himself the head of the Church of England.

11. The Scientific Revolution (1500s) • The Scientific Revolution is when scholars began to question scientific ideas. • Before this, people believed everything the Bible and Aristotle said. • Now people started to use reason and logic to explain the world.

12. Scientific Revolution Vocab • Revolution: major or great change • Scientific Method: careful, step-by-step process used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis. • Hypothesis: an unproved theory accepted for the purposes of explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation. • Heliocentric: based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe.

13. Scientific Revolution People • Copernicus: main theory was the heliocentric universe theory. • Kepler: main theory was the theory that planets have elliptical (oval) orbits. • Galileo: invented the telescope. • 9. Newton: discovered gravity.