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Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) on the International Space Station (ISS)

Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) on the International Space Station (ISS). M. Patrick McCormick 8 th Annual NOAA CREST Symposium June 5-6, 2013 City University of New York New York, NY. SAGE III Mission Context. SAGE III on ISS is a directed climate continuity mission

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Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) on the International Space Station (ISS)

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  1. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) on the International Space Station (ISS) M. Patrick McCormick 8th Annual NOAA CREST Symposium June 5-6, 2013 City University of New York New York, NY

  2. SAGE III Mission Context • SAGE III on ISS is a directed climate continuity mission • Mission objective is to obtain climate quality science data from the ISS • Inclined orbit of 51.6° is ideal for SAGE III measurements • Baseline Mission Life is 3 years / Threshold is 1 year • Planning includes possibility of 2020 extended mission • Access to space is provided by Space X Falcon 6 • Mission leverages existing flight hardware • SAGE III Instrument • Hexapod Pointing System • ExPRESS Pallet Adaptor

  3. SAGE III Science Objectives • NEED – enhance our understanding of ozone recovery and climate change processes in the upper atmosphere • HOW – monitor the vertical distribution of aerosols, ozone, and other trace gases in the Earth’s stratosphere and troposphere • SAGE III on ISS provides data to: • Assess the recovery in the distribution of ozone • Extend aerosol measurement records needed for climate and ozone models • Gain further insight into key processes contributing to ozone and aerosol variability Parameters and processes that control ozone.

  4. Science Utilization Team (SUT) • Assess the scientific and data usage approaches critical to achieving the goals of the SAGE III on ISS mission as outlined in NASA's Climate Initiative

  5. SUT Responsibilities • SUT will provide guidance on: • Utilization of the science measurements made by SAGE III on ISS • Needs for new research products • Additional algorithm development • Consider innovative uses of the SAGE III on ISS measurements to address emerging science issues or to contribute to policy and management decision making (connection with Applied Sciences Program) • Consider the applicability of fusing multiple data sets from a variety of sensors • Sensor calibration and data validation plans will also be addressed

  6. Satellite Measurement Techniques

  7. SAM- July 15,1975/Apollo-ASTP/KSC/Saturn IB • SAM II- October 24, 1978/ Nimbus 7/ Western Test Range/ Delta • SAGE I- February 19, 1979/ AEM 2/ Wallops Flight Facility/ Scout D • SAGE II- October 5, 1984/ ERBS/ KSC/ Shuttle Challenger Deployment STS 41-G • SAGE III- December 10, 2001/ METEOR 3M/ Baikonur/ Zenit 2 Launch Date/Spacecraft/Location/Rocket

  8. SAM II and SAGE II Sampling

  9. ISS Orbit is Ideal

  10. SAM on Apollo 1975

  11. SAGE INSTRUMENT EVOLUTION SAGE II (1984 - 2005) Differential Absorption Water Vapor SAGE I (1979 - 1981) Multi-channel Spectral Grating Gas Measurement Multi-wavelength • SAGE III: New Features • (Meteor-3M, ISS) • DesignAdvantage • Linear Array CCD Increased  discrimination • Lunar Occultation Nighttime measurements • 290 nm Channel Short  measurements • 1550 Channel Long  measurements • 16-bit A/D Decreased quantization error • Increased dynamic range SAM II (1978 - 1994) Servo Pointing Control Sun Limb Scanning 2-Axis tracking

  12. SAGE III Measurements Limb Scatter 02:25 - 02:45 Sunset 03:03 - 03:05 Sunrise 02:09 - 02:11 Moonset 02:00: - 02:02

  13. Instrument Cross-Section • Sensor Assembly • Scan Head • Elevation Mirror & Motor Assembly • Attenuator Assembly • Azimuth Assembly • F4 Telescope • Spectrometer • Fold Mirror • Spherical Grating • CCD & InGaAs Detectors Scan Head Assembly Azimuth Assembly Spectrometer Assembly

  14. SAGE III Instrument Being Tested at LaRC

  15. Volume – Instrument Payload Launch Configuration 49.0” 46.0” 34.0”

  16. SAGE III Instrument Payload Layout Sensor Assembly (SA) Instrument Control Electronics (ICE)* Hexapod Electronics Unit (HEU) Hexapod Mechanical Assembly (HMA) Contamination Monitoring Package (CMP) Contamination Monitoring Package (CMP) Interface Adapter Module (IAM) Disturbance Monitoring Package (DMP)* ExPRESS Payload Adapter (ExPA) Port * DMP and ICE have mounting interface brackets Ram

  17. Launch on SpaceX Dragon Unpressurized Cargo Module

  18. SAGE III on ISS On-Orbit Configuration

  19. SAGE III on ISS Concept ELC-4 SAGE III is the Pathfinder for Earth Science Observations from ISS

  20. Importance to CREST Students • Validation Measurements (Local and Global) • Lidar for aerosols, clouds and gases, e.g. HU lidar and satellite lidars like CALIPSO and ESA’s EarthCare (launch in 2016) • Comparisons with other satellite measurements, e.g. MODIS, IASI or AIRS, TEMPO (geo), etc. • New Retrieval Techniques - Limb Scattering, Full Spectral Scans, Lunar Occultation • General Data Studies - Global Aerosol and Ozone Trends, QBO studies, Cirrus studies, Volcanic impacts, Pyro-Cumulus plumes, etc.

  21. Ground-based Remote-Atmospheric Sounding Project (GRASP) Validation Campaign

  22. GRASP Timeline

  23. Summary • SAGE III on ISS addresses critical science needs • SAGE III has a long heritage and history of delivering outstanding and unique science products • Measurement technique, science processing algorithms, and data processing are understood and low risk • The ISS is a unique national asset in the perfect orbit for SAGE III measurements • SUT provides independent assessment and guidance for scientific and data uses

  24. Backup Slides

  25. Level 1 Baseline and Threshold Measurement Requirements • Limb radiance measurements and lunar NO2/NO3 will be produced as a research products • ISS manifest includes SAGE III through CY 2020 on ELC-4 for possible extended mission

  26. Validation of Temperature 15-min Means Different Models are being investigated

  27. Validation of Water Vapor 100 S Means

  28. Testing SAM on Apollo, 1975

  29. SAM II/SAGE/Lidar Science Successes Near global O3, aerosol, cloud, and H2O stratospheric and upper tropospheric profiles, and NO2 mid-to-upper stratospheric profiles, with 1km vertical resolution, contributing to: 1) an understanding of the effects of volcanic aerosols on radiative forcing, ozone depletion, stratospheric temperature change, aircraft structure degradation and possibly increasing cirrus clouds; 2) the determination of aerosol, ozone and water vapor climatologies; 3) the determination of ozone and aerosol trends; 4) the discovery of upper tropospheric aerosol layers from biomass burning in pristine locations;

  30. GRASP Overview HUGRASP- Hampton University Ground-based Remote Atmospheric Sounding Project Duration: 16April – 16May 2012: 1month Other laboratories involved: DOD Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD Department of Energy (DOE), Las Vegas, NV NASA Wallops Flight Facility • Objectives: Observations - validation of measurements Development of algorithms for T and H2O retrievals PBL and PBL-process studies - microphysical, physical and dynamical Utilization and development of denoising techniques

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