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New York State features a variety of physical regions, each with unique characteristics. The Great Lakes Plain is known for its flat land, cooler summers, and snowy winters, earning it the nickname "snow belt." Lakes Erie and Ontario provide vital port access to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River. The Adirondack Mountains are a forested region filled with lakes and streams, while the Hudson River serves as a critical trade route. The Catskill Mountains offer rocky landscapes, and the Allegany Plateau occupies a significant area of the state with its hilly terrain.
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Great Lakes Plain • Land is flat • Summers cooler and winters snowier “snow belt” • Lakes Erie & Ontario ports have direct access to Atlantic Ocean via St. Lawrence River
Adirondack Mountains • North of the Mohawk River • Forested, rounded mountains with many lakes and streams
Mohawk River • Runs East to West • Only low land (valley) route from Atlantic Ocean through mountains • Important trade route through the state
Hudson River • Albany (state capital) is on the river bank • Runs North and South • Water route connecting NYC to Mohawk River and Lake Champlain • Important trade route and military value
Long Island Plain • New York City area, the state’s largest urban areas, located here • Creates a large sheltered harbor
Catskill Mountains • East of NYC • South of the Mohawk River • Rocky and rugged landscape
Allegany Plateau • Occupies 1/3 of the total area of New York State • Very hilly, less rugged than the Adirondack or Catskill Mountains
