Summing Up/Looking Ahead

1. Summing Up/Looking Ahead

2. Exam Foci • Theories • Models • Actors/relationships • Issues/debates/tensions • Trajectories

3. Looking Back Pre-Midterm • Forces of globalization • Types of globalization • Rel’ts. between globalization, media and development: WST, ECT, Rostow’s economic growth model • International actors (IGOs, NGOs, MNCs & TNMCs, etc.) • NWICO

4. Cultural Social Technological Religious Economic Environmental Political Physical Forces of Globalization

5. Types of globalization Type 1 Thick Globalization Hi extensity, hi intensity, hi velocity, hi impact. Type 2  Diffused Globalization Hi extensity, hi intensity, hi velocity, low impact Type 3  Expansive Globalization Hi extensity, low intensity, low velocity, hi impact. Type 4  Thin Globalization Hi extensity, low intensity, low velocity, low impact

6. Looking Back (Pre-Midterm cont.) • Globalization & ICT/Media industries • Int’l news production • Broadcast & Satellite TV industry • Cable TV industry • Music industry • Advertising & Public relations industry

7. In view of all you’ve learned in this course… • Which type of globalization best characterizes the ICT/media industry worldwide today? Why? • How would you represent the causal relationships between the 8 factors of globalization today? Why?

8. Summing Up Post-Midterm • Characteristics of global economics • Global communication governance/policy • Key actors • Policy issues • Policy agendas/perspectives • Core zone vs. other zones • Neoliberal vs. humanitarian

9. Summing Up Post-Midterm (cont.) ICTs in developing countries • Challenges in ICT diffusion (ICTD) • Challenges in studying ICTD • Tenets of the SRS framework • Contributions of the strategic restructuring framework • Dimensions of the global digital divide • Key findings: Similarities and differences between ICTD in developing countries • Characteristics & significance of WSIS

10. Recent Trends • Increasing integration of computer-based media into traditional media sectors • Increasing intra- and inter-media sector mergers vertical integration • Increasing global reach of core-based ICT/media industries • Increasing liberalization of media policies around the world

11. Looking Ahead Core zone: ~23 nations Semi-peripheral: ~50 Peripheral: ~150 “economic losers in the info revolution” -Gher

12. Future Trends • ICT/Media industries increasingly foundational in core zone and across zones • Impacts & interactions of ICT/Media industries with other factors/forces of globalization and on other spheres of human life (Castells)

13. ICT/Media Industries Across Zones • Media/ICT industries will continue to be a concern for policymakers • In view of 9/11/01, US govt will continue to be more involved in international comm policymaking • Successful media industries (domestically & internationally) will continue to be vital to int’l trade • Some current core nations may slip into semi-peripheral zone if they can’t maintain their media/ICT industries (eg. CA, AU, NZ)

14. ICT/Media Industries Across Zones (cont.) • Core-based media firms will continue to seek opportunities in semi-peripheral nations • Semi-peripheral nations will be increasingly pressured to adopt Western/core media practices & norms • Further deregulation & privatization in semi-peripheral & peripheral zones

15. ICT/Media Industries Across Zones (cont.) • Globalized ICT/Media industries have become dispersed throughout core-zone nations and some semi-peripheral nations • A generational culture gap will continue to grow– fed by music, film, ads & Web

16. Impacts of ICT/Media trends on other spheres • Diminishing national sovereignty & autonomy “post-sovereignty era” • Increasing challenge to make and enforce international ICT/media policies • Increasing importance and authority for: • Intergovernmental organizations (eg. UN) • Multi-actor int’l organizations (e.g. ITU) • Transnational regional organizations (e.g. NAFTA, ASEAN)

17. Impacts of ICT/Media trends on other spheres (cont.) • Resurgence of nationalism and localism • Search for mechanisms for protecting & reinforcing indigenous cultures/groups

18. Looking Ahead: ICTs in Core-zone Nations • Accelerating rate of innovation & change; unanticipated consequences • Computer-based technologies reshaping but not replacing media industries • “Massification” of advanced information services

19. Looking Ahead: ICTs in Core-zone Nations (cont.) • Development of an advanced electronic information network • Expansion of personal electronic media as the new mass media

20. Looking Ahead: ICTs in Core-zone Nations (cont.) Media transformations are altering core-zone societies: • How we see ourselves individually & collectively • What we consider important • Where we get info for daily decisions & activities • Social cohesion

21. 3 Critical Questions (Gher) • Is humanity better off as a result of the international changes in the ICT/media industries and global communication? • Who are the winners & losers? • What are the urgent concerns that governments/NGOs/ICT industry leaders should address immediately?

22. Wilson’s Conclusion “The sequential ICT innovations of contending elites around the world that create the information revolution can be best accelerated through national and international support to build up the emerging ICT networks and “netstitutions” that link government, private, and nonprofit institutions.” (p. 404) “People everywhere understand there are trade-offs to be made and want to know enough about ICTs to make those judgments for themselves… (They) can truly widen their choices– if they are able to mobilize the vision, political will, and human capacities necessary to achieve greater freedom and the good life in our globalizing world.” (p. 405)

23. Castells’ Conclusion “There is nothing that cannot be changed by conscious, purposive social action, provided with information, and supported by legitimacy. • If people are informed, active, and communicate throughout the world; (…) • If business assumes its social responsibility; • If political actors react against cynicism, and restore belief in democracy; • If culture is reconstructed from experience; (…) • If all this is made possible by our informed, conscious, shared decision, while there is still time, maybe then, we may, at last, be able to live and let live, love and be loved.” (p. 360)