South Asia Box Notes

1. South Asia Box Notes Unit 10

2. Box #1: Physical Geography Elements Impact of Tectonic Forces in South Asia • Lithosphere – Mountains as a natural border • Northern part of subcontinent • Western & Eastern Ghats • Landlocked: Nepal & Bhutan • Deccan Plateau – Rugged landforms make settlement difficult • Maldives – archipelago • 3 Rivers: Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra Key Terms • Subcontinent • Alluvial plain • Deposition • Archipelago • Vegetation • Estuary • Delta • Renewable resource

7. Box #2: Weather & Environmental Drama Elements of Drama • Climatic Factors • LEMPOS (wet/dry season) • Many river systems cause massive flooding in low lying areas (good & bad results) • Cultural changes due to physical environment • Ways to adapt to flooding • Importance of renewable resources • Sustainable development is essential Key Terms • Monsoon • Summer monsoon • Winter monsoon • Cyclone • Tsunami • Storm surge • Adapt • Modify

9. Wet Monsoon: May-September Dry Monsoon: October-Apri

10. Effects of the monsoon - Some parts of India get an average of 100 in. of rain per year. - (Dallas only gets 35 in.)

11. Effects of the monsoon

12. Effects of the monsoon

13. Cyclones • Rapid inward curculation of air masses about a low pressure center • Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all the same weather phenomenon

15. Bangladesh and cyclones • Due to its location, Bangladesh suffers from cylones frequently. • The funnel-shaped northern portion of the Bay of Bengal and river deltas on the coast of the country combine for cyclones to be very damaging

18. Box #3: Economic & Population Issues Cultural Factors • Rapid population growth • Environmental consequences: pollution, flooding, unsanitary water, deforestation, strain on natural resources • Human consequences: overcrowding, crowded urban centers, spatial inequality, lack of infrastructure (providing services such as healthcare), cultural diffusion • Population density: cities near water (NE/SW) as mountains and Deccan Plateau get in the way of settlement • Steady population growth, longer life expectancies, and a drop in infant mortality rate have caused issues • Effects of an aging population: Aging populations require plans for healthcare and income in old age • Workforce in India will remain stable due to continued growth and improvement in education for women (a literacy gap between literacy men & women remains) • Balance of trade (comparing net imports vs. net exports) = A country with balanced trade will have equal amounts, or more exports than imports and economic growth • Can be influenced by a country’s physical geography (landlocked, islands) • Countries with certain physical features have negative trade balances: Islands, Archipelagos, Landlocked; Nepal has the worst balance of trade Key Terms • Infrastructure • Spatial inequality • Infant mortality rate • Cross-culturalization • Urban • Import • Export • Arable land • Entrepreneur • Sustainable Development

19. Population Pyramids

20. Population Pyramids

21. Population Pyramids

22. Birth Rates vs. Infant Mortality

23. Literacy Rate

24. ExportsImports

26. Activity • Create a population pyramid for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka with the information provided

27. Box #4: Human Geography Elements Cultural Factors • Domination of Religions in Region: Hinduism, Buddhism, & Sikhism • Caste System – Hindu practice outlawed in 1947 • Diffused throughout subcontinent • Importance of Gandhi and his nonviolent resistance movement • Born into a caste, reincarnation to move • Kashmir Region: Hindu Kush Mountains – Primarily Muslim region controlled by Hindu dominated India Key Terms • Polytheism • Caste system • Constitutional monarchy • Raj • Cultural convergence • Cultural divergence • Nonviolent resistance • Gandhi • Kashmir