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Review items for b asic chemistry

Review items for b asic chemistry. Objectives . Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds Differentiate between a salt, an acid, a base Explain the importance of water to maintain homeostasis and provide examples of the roles of water

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Review items for b asic chemistry

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  1. Review items for basic chemistry

  2. Objectives • Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds • Differentiate between a salt, an acid, a base • Explain the importance of water to maintain homeostasis and provide examples of the roles of water • Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in terms of structure and function • Compare and contrast structure and function of DNA and RNA • Explain the roles of enzymes • Explain the importance of ATP in the body

  3. Review • Matter • Energy • Kinetic energy • Mechanical energy • Thermal energy • Electrical energy • Radiant energy • Potential energy • Chemical energy

  4. Energy form conversions

  5. Composition of matter

  6. The atom

  7. What element?Is it chemically reactive?

  8. Isotopes

  9. Chemical bonds

  10. Chemical reactions • synthesis

  11. Decomposition

  12. Exchange reactions

  13. biochemistry • Inorganic compounds- non carbon containing ex) water, salts, some acids • Organic compounds- carbon containing compounds ex) proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates Exception to rule: carbon dioxide CO2

  14. Properties of water that are important to the human body1. high heat capacity2. polarity/solvent properties3. chemical reactivity-hydrolysis reaction4.cushioning

  15. Salts= electrolytes=ions= charged particles

  16. Acid- donates H+ ions to solution Base- donates OH- ions to solution

  17. Neutralization reaction Acid-base balance is carefully regulated by the kidneys, lungs, and buffers

  18. Building and breaking polymers Dehydration reaction Hydrolysis reaction Builds polymers Breaks polymer chain Removes water Adds water

  19. Carbohydrate Lipid protein Nucleic acid Elements C, H, O C, H, O (P) C, H, N, O (S) C, H, O, N, P Monomer Monosaccharide Fatty_acid or sterol Amino acid Nucleotide Polymer Polysaccharide Triglyceride Polypeptide DNA or RNA function Energy, support Stored energy, membrane Structure, catalysts, etc Allow reproduction of traits Unique Characteristics

  20. . Carbohydrateshydrophilic Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide C:H:O = 1:2:1 ratio C6 H12 O6

  21. Proteins Amino acid= monomer Polypeptide=polymer

  22. Nucleic acids Monomer = nucleotide Nucleotide= sugar + phosphate+ base

  23. Lipidshydrophobic Fats: Saturated=solid at room temp no double bonds Unsaturated=liquid at room temp at least one double bond in fatty acid chain

  24. ATP drives cellular work

  25. Review • Read over summary items pg 56-58 • Complete all review questions • All answers should be given in complete sentences to assist your understanding and studies Consider the “At the Clinic” essay questions and think about how you might answer them if you encountered them again.

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