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Bell Work 11/13/13

Bell Work 11/13/13. On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen. What letter grade do you think you received on the Plate Tectonics Exam? How much time did you spend preparing for the Exam?

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Bell Work 11/13/13

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  1. Bell Work 11/13/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen • What letter grade do you think you received on the Plate Tectonics Exam? • How much time did you spend preparing for the Exam? • How did you prepare for the Exam? (be specific: study guide, flashcards, had someone quiz you, took an online practice quiz, ect)

  2. Earthquakes

  3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Interactive Notebook Introduction 7 Chemistry 9 ………………….. ………………….. Plate Tectonics 57 Earthquakes ?? 11/13/13

  4. A Riddle: What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common??

  5. What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common?? • In your interactive notebook (output) write down the riddle above. • Answer the following questions: 1. Can a single object both BEND and BREAK? Explain your answer. Use an example as support!! 2. Demo 1: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened. 3. Demo 2: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened.

  6. What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common?? Too much STRESS and you break!!!!!

  7. What do YOU, the LITHOSPHERE and SPAGHETTI have in common?? • In your interactive notebook (output) write down the riddle above. • Answer the following questions: 1. Can a single object both BEND and BREAK? Explain your answer. Use an example as support!! 2. Demo 1: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened. 3. Demo 2: a. What happened to the spaghetti? b. Describe WHY that happened. Write a one paragraph summary (6-8 sentences) about how the application of stress can deform the lithosphere. Deformation- the process by which the shape of a rock changes.

  8. Bell Work 11/14/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen Summary  1. How do you get a spaghetti noodle to bend and not break? The spaghetti BENDS when you apply stress slowly and gently. 2. How do you break a spaghetti noodle? The spaghetti BREAKS if you apply stress quickly and with a lot of force. 3. How can you apply this concept to the lithosphere? The Earth’s lithosphere also bends and breaks depending on the amount of stress applied.

  9. Earthquakes

  10. Earthquakes • Earthquake-a movement of Earth’s lithosphere (rigid solid) that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere suddenly shift, releasing stored energy!

  11. They’re Caused by a Build-up of STRESS in Earth’s Crust • As tectonic plates move, they cause stress in the crust, which in turn produces folds and faults.

  12. Stress in Earth’s Crust • Stress(in earthquake terms)- • a force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions. • Does stress occur at… • Convergentplate boundaries? • Divergentplate boundaries? • Transform boundaries? Stress= Folds and Faults!

  13. Folds=Plastic Deformation • A bend in layers of rock in response to stress • Form where rocks are squeezed together, but do not break • This doesn’t lead to earthquakes

  14. Faults • Faults- • A fracture, or break, in Earth’s lithosphere • Blocks of rocks move (scrape) past each other • San Andreas Fault

  15. Where do earthquakes occur?? • Most earthquakes happen along plate boundaries • Ring of Fire- belt around the Pacific plate • 80% of all earthquakes occur here http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=gRlj5vjp3Ko

  16. Why Exactly do Earthquakes Happen? • Elastic Rebound-The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its original shape • Elastic rebound occurs when more stress is applied to rock than the rock can withstand. • During elastic rebound, energy is released as an earthquake

  17. Let’s clarify some definitions!!! Text Book: Pages 112 -131

  18. Bell Work 11/15/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen • Where do the majority of Earthquakes occur? The majority of earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. 2. What is the ring of fire? The belt around the pacific plate where 80% of earthquakes occur. 3. Why exactly do earthquakes happen? Elastic Rebound- The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its original shape.

  19. Bill Nye – Earthquakes!! • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=g6DiGGTlKDM

  20. Bell Work 11/18/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen • What is stress? A force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions. 2. What does stress cause in the lithosphere? Folds and faults 3. What is a fault? A fracture or break in the Earth’s lithosphere.

  21. It’s an Earthquake! • Earthquakes song • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=sA6oZ4YgKCA

  22. A little more on faults!!!

  23. Are there different types of faults? • Yes! • Faults are classified by how rocks move • Three types: • Normal faults • Reverse faults • Strike-slip faults

  24. Normal Fault • Occur at divergent boundaries • Divergent boundary- • Plates drifting apart • Normal fault- • Block slides down relative to the surface • Move vertically

  25. Reverse Fault • Occur at convergent boundaries • Convergent boundary- • Plates coming together • Reverse fault- • Block slides up relative to the surface • Move vertically

  26. Strike-Slip Fault • Occur at transform boundaries • Transform boundary- • Plates slide past one another in different directions • Strike-slip fault- • Blocks slide in opposite directions • Move horizontally

  27. Faults Foldable- Color the strata!! Text Book : Page 114-115

  28. Bell Work 11/19/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen • How many types of faults are there? 3 2. What type of fault occurs at a convergent boundary? Reverse fault 3. What type of boundary occurs at a strike-slip fault? Transform boundary

  29. How do we measure earthquakes? 2 different scales • Seismic waves vs destruction!

  30. Measuring Earthquakes • Modified Mercalli scale-Rates earthquakes based on observations of the intensity of ground shaking and damage

  31. Modified Mercalli Scale San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was an 11

  32. Measuring Earthquakes • Richter scale-Rates earthquakes based on measurements of the times and amplitudes of the seismic waves • Created by Charles Richter in the 1930’s

  33. How exactly do we Measureearthquakes? • To measure earthquakes and pinpoint their epicenters, geologists record seismic waves using seismographs • Seismograph- • a device that can detect and record seismic waves • Creates a seismogram

  34. What is a Seismogram? • Seismogram- • A tracing of earthquake motion created by a seismograph

  35. Seismic Waves – the reason earthquakes are Dangerous! • Seismic waves- • the energy released during an earthquake carried by vibrations • 3 main types: • P waves • S waves • Surface waves

  36. Seismic Waves • P waves (primarywaves)-longitudinal waves similar to sound waves • Move through solidand liquid material • Compress and expand the ground • Similar to an accordion or a slinky

  37. Seismic Waves • S waves (secondary waves)- Transverse waves, like light. • They cannot travel through liquids

  38. S waves can’t pass through liquid…this is why we know the outer core is a liquid!

  39. Seismic Waves • Surface Waves-develop when seismic waves reach Earth’s surface • Move more slowly than P and S waves • Produce larger movements • Create greater damage

  40. Slinky Demonstration

  41. Rocks move Aside! • Seismic waves song • http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=lcVwAn8W-jo

  42. Bell Work 11/20/13 On your desk: P.R.I.D.E card I.N. Pencil/Pen • What are seismic waves? The energy released during an earthquake carried by vibrations. 2. What are the three types of waves? P-waves, S-waves, and Surface waves. 3. How does a P-wave move? Compression and expansion

  43. Where do Earthquakes Happen? • Earthquakes-occur because stress forces have exceeded the strength of rock. • Focus- the location beneath Earth’s surface where an earthquake begins. • Epicenter- the location on Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

  44. The S-P time method… • How it’s used: • Collectseveral seismograms from different seismographs (at different locations) • Plot seismographs on a distance-time graph • Draw circles around the locations based on the distance-time graph • At the point where 3 lines intersect is the earthquake epicenter

  45. Locating Earthquakes http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

  46. Locating Earthquakes http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

  47. Locating Earthquakes http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

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