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Skin Appendages

Skin Appendages. Cutaneous glands. Hair. Nails. Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands. Endocrine glands – secretions (hormones) diffuse directly into the blood Exocrine glands – release secretions to an epithelial surface via ducts Include the cutaneous glands. Cutaneous Glands.

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Skin Appendages

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  1. Skin Appendages Cutaneous glands Hair Nails

  2. Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands Endocrine glands – secretions (hormones) diffuse directly into the blood Exocrine glands – release secretions to an epithelial surface via ducts Include the cutaneous glands

  3. Cutaneous Glands Arise from dividing cells of the stratum basale Located in the reticular layer of the dermis 3 types: Sebaceous glands Eccrine sweat glands Apocrine sweat glands

  4. Sebaceous Glands Not on palms & soles of feet Secretion = sebum Oily Kills bacteria Softens / moistens Increase in adolescence Most ducts empty into a hair follicle; some onto the skin

  5. Acne Infection / blockage of sebaceous glands

  6. Eccrine Sweat Glands Most common sweat glands (all over) Secretion = sweat Water, salts, metabolic wastes Acidic Regulates body temp Ducts empty into sweat pores

  7. Apocrine Sweat Glands Only in armpit & genital area Secretion Sweat plus fatty acids & proteins Bacteria cause odor Unknown function Begin in puberty Ducts empty into hair follicles

  8. Hair • Found almost all over • Function • Protection • Insulation (minor) • Structure • Dead, keratinized cells • Grows from hair follicle • Arrector pili muscle • Smooth muscle

  9. Superficial dermal sheath Vascular Deep epidermal sheath Stratum basale cells in the matrix (growth zone) divide to produc the hair Melanocytes Hair Follicle

  10. Nails • Structure • Dead, keratinized cells • Stratum basale cells divide in nail matrix to produce the nail

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