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Lipids: Fats & Oils

Learn about the composition, structure, and functions of lipids such as fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. Discover why humans are drawn to fatty foods and the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. Explore the importance of phospholipids in creating cell membranes and the role of cholesterol in the body.

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Lipids: Fats & Oils

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  1. Lipids: Fats & Oils

  2. long term energy storage concentrated energy Lipids

  3. Lipids • Lipids are composed of C, H, O • long hydrocarbon chains (H-C) • “Family groups” • fats • phospholipids • steroids • Do not form polymers • big molecules made of smaller subunits • not a continuing chain

  4. enzyme H2O Fats • Structure: • glycerol (3C alcohol) +fatty acid • fatty acid = long HC “tail” with carboxyl (COOH) group “head” dehydration synthesis

  5. Building Fats • Triacylglycerol (Triglyceride) • 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol • ester linkage = between OH & COOH hydroxyl carboxyl

  6. enzyme enzyme enzyme H2O H2O H2O H2O Dehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis

  7. Why do humanslike fatty foods? Fats store energy • Long HC chain • polar or non-polar? • hydrophilic or hydrophobic? • Function: • energy storage • concentrated • all H-C! • 2x carbohydrates • cushion organs • insulates body • think whale blubber!

  8. Saturated fats • All C bonded to H • No C=C double bonds • long, straight chain • most animal fats • solid at room temp. • contributes to increase riskcardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attack (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits

  9. Unsaturated fats • C=C double bonds in the fatty acids • plant & fish fats • vegetable oils • liquid at room temperature • the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?

  10. Saturated vs. unsaturated saturated unsaturated 

  11. What the heck are trans fats???

  12. Phospholipids • Structure: • glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4 • PO4 = negatively charged It’s just like apenguin… A head at one end & a tail at the other!

  13. Phospholipids • Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? • fatty acid tails = • PO4 head = • split “personality” hydrophobic hydrophillic “attracted to water” Come here,No, go away! Come here,No, go away! interaction with H2O is complex & very important! “repelled by water”

  14. Phospholipids in water • Hydrophilic heads “attracted” to H2O • Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O • can self-assemble into “bubbles” • bubble = “micelle” • can also form a phospholipid bilayer • early evolutionary stage of cell? water bilayer water

  15. Why is this important? • Phospholipids create a barrier in water • define outside vs. inside • they make cell membranes! Tell themabout soap!

  16. Steroids • Structure: • 4 fused C rings + ?? • different steroids created by attachingdifferentfunctional groups to rings • different structure creates different function • examples:cholesterol, sex hormones cholesterol

  17. Cholesterol • Important cell component • animal cell membranes • precursor of all other steroids • including vertebrate sex hormones • high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease

  18. Cholesterol helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible Important component of cell membrane

  19. From Cholesterol  Sex Hormones • What a big difference a few atoms can make!

  20. Let’s build some Lipids!

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