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Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter. How do we describe all of these different kinds of matter?. Intensive (Characteristic) Properties. Characteristics of substance that DO NOT depend on the sample size Intensive properties can be divided into two categories: Chemical Properties Physical Properties.

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Properties of Matter

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  1. Properties of Matter How do we describe all of these different kinds of matter?

  2. Intensive (Characteristic) Properties • Characteristics of substance that DO NOT depend on the sample size • Intensive properties can be divided into two categories: • Chemical Properties • Physical Properties

  3. Chemical vs. Physical Properties • Chemical Properties • How does this substance react when placed in certain situations? • How does this substance react when it interacts with other substances? • The composition of the substance will change when checking for chemical properties

  4. Chemical Properties • Flammability • Reactivity

  5. Chemical vs. Physical Properties • Physical Properties • Characteristics of a substance that DO NOT result in a change in the substance

  6. Physical Properties • Viscosity • Conductivity • Malleability/Ductility • Hardness • Melting/Boiling Point • Density • Solubility

  7. Density • The amount of mass per unit volume • How much stuff is there in this space?

  8. Density Less dense materials move to the top More dense materials move to the bottom

  9. Intensive (Characteristic) Properties can be used to … • Identify a substance • Each pure substance has a unique set of properties • Choose a substance for a specific purpose • Separate mixtures • Different properties means substances will behave differently in certain situations

  10. Extensive Properties • Characteristics of a substance that depend on the AMOUNT of the substance present • Not used to identify a substance because different samples of the same substance can have different extensive properties

  11. Not sure about some things? • Need to know more about the types of physical or chemical properties listed? • Check out the following slides…

  12. Viscosity • A liquid’s resistance to flow • Greater viscosity → liquid moves slower • Lower viscosity → liquid moves quickly • Generally, what happens to viscosity as a liquid is heated?

  13. Conductivity • Material’s ability to allow heat or electricity to flow through it • Metals are generally good conductors of heat & electricity • Non-Metals are generally poor conductors of heat & electricity

  14. Malleability • Ability of a material to be hammered without breaking • Most metals are malleable

  15. Hardness • How hard a substance is • The hardness of two materials can be compared by seeing which material will scratch the other • What is the hardest known material?

  16. Melting & Boiling Points • Melting Point: the temperature where a solid changes to a liquid • Boiling Point: the temperature where a liquid changes to a gas

  17. Flammability • The ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen

  18. Reactivity • Describes how easily a substance will chemically combine (also called reacting) with other substances • How easily does a substance form compounds with other substances • Oxygen: very reactive (high reactivity) • Nitrogen: unreactive (low reactivity)

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