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Menstrual Cycle/ Ovulation/ Menstruation, Spermatogenesis and Fertilization By Manny, David, Jay, and Chung. Menstrual Cycle/ Ovulation. What the Process is:
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Menstrual Cycle/ Ovulation/ Menstruation,Spermatogenesis and Fertilization By Manny, David, Jay, and Chung
Menstrual Cycle/ Ovulation • What the Process is: Menstruation is when a woman has her period every month unless she becomes pregnant. It starts with the preparation of the egg so it can become fertilized. When the egg is ready and mature, it will come out from one of the two ovaries, go through the fallopian tube into the uterus, and then stick to the lining of the womb. If the egg is not fertilized, the lining of the womb or endometrium is shed and then the menstrual blood starts to flow from the uterus and into the opening of the cervix, which controls the blood flow. Then the menstrual blood passes out of the body through the vagina. The menstrual cycle is when periods come every month. If a woman has a period every month, unless she is pregnant, it shows that a woman is healthy.
Menstrual Cycle/ Ovulation • How the Process Occurs: At the first half of the menstrual cycle, the female hormone called estrogen, which is important to keeping the body healthy, increases and thickens the lining of the womb. The lining of the womb will nourish the fertilized egg or the embryo if a women becomes pregnant. At the same time the lining of the womb thickens, an egg in an ovary matures and then goes through the fallopian tubes and sticks on the lining of the womb. If the egg gets fertilized it stays on the lining of the womb and if it doesn’t get fertilized the egg sheds out with the endometrium.
Menstrual Cycle/ Ovulation • Why the Process is Important: It is important because if the egg is not fertilized, then the body has to get rid of it since there is no use for it. Also, having regular menstrual cycles is a sign that the female body works properly by providing hormones to keep someone healthy. Furthermore, when an egg is produced during ovulation there is a chance a woman can get pregnant and create new life.
Spermatogenesis • What the Process is: Spermatogenesis is the process of males producing sperm. This happens when a male is going through puberty at around the age thirteen. This process uses both the external reproductive organs, which are the penis, the testicles, and the scrotum, and the internal reproductive organs, which are the vas deferens, the prostate gland, the epidydimis and the urethra. A male will start to produce millions of sperm cells every day once he reaches puberty. Also, the hormone testosterone is produced by the testicles to produce sperm. For one sperm to completely mature, it takes around seventy days.
Spermatogenesis • How the Process Occurs: At the beginning of spermatogenesis, sperm is created in the testicles and then it makes it’s way through the epidydimis, which are the sac of tubes on the top of each testicle. The epidydimis is where the sperm complete their development and to get to the epidydimis the sperm use their tails to press on into the epidydimis. The sperm are stored in the epidydimis and it takes from four to six weeks to mature. During ejaculation, the sperm travels to the vas deferens. At this time, the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland release a fluid, which is a whitish fluid, called seminal fluid which is combined with the sperm to produce semen. The semen is forced out of the male’s body through his urethra. There are five hundred million sperm in the fluid every time it comes out of the male’s body. The sperm in the semen has genetic information from the male so it can be transferred to the egg to create a baby.
Spermatogenesis • Why it is Important: Spermatogenesis is important because it is a process to produce sperm to fertilize an egg. Also, it carries genes so a baby can be created with fifty percent of the male’s characteristics. Another reason is that it shows if a male’s body is healthy.
Fertilization • What the Process is: Fertilization is when the sperm of the male combines with the female’s egg. This will create a zygote cell. The sperm are able to fertilize the egg during a time of six to twelve hours in the female’s fallopian tube. When the sperm enters the female’s egg, or called conception, and then becomes an embryo, this is when fertilization happens.
Fertilization • How the Process Occurs: After the egg has been fertilized, two cells start to divide and become four and then each cell divides again and so on forming the structure of the human being. When the group of cells reach the uterus, they settle down into the lining of the uterus and it has already become an embryo. When the embryo is on the lining of the uterus, this is called an implantation and it takes around seven days from fertilization to implantation to happen. Women can only have one pregnancy at a time not including having two embryos growing to create twins.
Fertilization • Why it is Important: Fertilization is important because this is the start of new human life. Also, if the egg and sperm never united, there wouldn’t be any human life. Another reason is that it keeps the population from completely dying. Also the embryo takes half of the characteristics from the female and half from the male so all of us are different.
Bibliography • 1. http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our- publications/fact-sheet/menstruation.cfm • 2. Medical Physiology By Guyton Chapters: 80 to 82 • 3. Sheets given by Mr.Mann • 4. www.deerparkhpe.wikispaces.com • 5. http://www.pptbackgrounds.net/3d-helix-dna-backgrounds.html • 6. http://image.yaymicro.com/rz_1210x1210/0/1be/egg-fertilization-illustration-1bec1e.jpg
