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Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement

Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement. Summary. SAR and basic restrictions Technical Standards SAR measurement setup The telecom service provider and SAR Standard developments. Specific Absorption Rate.

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Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement

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  1. Benchmark and best practices on SAR limits enforcement Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  2. Summary • SAR and basic restrictions • Technical Standards • SAR measurement setup • The telecom service provider and SAR • Standard developments

  3. Specific Absorption Rate • EMF (Electromagnetic Fields) exposure at Radiofrequency (RF) is primary quantified by means of an internal dosimetry quantity: the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) • One of the possible definitions: • Deeply used in dosimetry and in biological experiments because it could be measured by means of electric field or temperature sensors Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  4. Basic Restrictions • Restriction on exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields that are based directly on established health effects • Depending on frequency, the physical quantities use to specify these restrictions are current density, SAR and power density Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  5. Measurement Standards • Objective: define recommended practice to address in detail how to perform compliance measurements • Measurement Standards key aspects • Measurement system description and requirements • Laboratory requirements • Measurement procedure description and requirements • Uncertainty budget definition • Data reporting • System validation and Inter-laboratory comparisons • Annexes clarifying technical aspects and rationales Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  6. IEC 62209-1 • Issued in 2005 • Detailed measurement procedures and measurement system description, uncertainty evaluations • System validation and system check definitions • Four normative annexes (phantom specifications, calibration of measurement instrumentation, post-processing techniques, System validation) and six informative annexes • Currently under maintenance Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  7. IEEE 1528 -2003 • Issued in 2003 • Detailed measurement procedures, uncertainty evaluations and strong effort to address rationale for setup choices • System validation and system check first time introduced • One normative annex (measurement uncertainty) and seven informative annexes • An updated Standard version positively voted in 2011, not yet published Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  8. SAR measurement setup E-field probe Robot to align DUT Robot to move probe Base station simulator DUT Head simulating liquid inside SAM Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  9. SAR measurement procedure • Alignment positions • SAR tests are performed fixing maximum TX power on DUT • Typically 4 SAR measurements performed at centre frequency, one SAR measurement performed at the lowest frequency and one SAR measurement performed at the highest frequency Cheek position Tilt position Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  10. Mobile phone alignment • Fully automated system to align DUT (device under test) to Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) • High repeatability and precision achieved Bioem 2009 (June 2009, DAVOS, CH): S. Pacifico, D. Forigo and M. Francavilla: “A New Positioning System For Cellular Phone Alignment According To IEC 62209-1 And IEEE 1528 Standards” Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  11. Single SAR measurement • AREA SCAN • ZOOM SCAN Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  12. Telecom service providers and SAR • Verification both on pre-marketing and market equipment • http://www.unglobalcompact.org/system/attachments/16448/original/COP_TI_2011_FINAL.pdf?1342007429 (page 119) • All market terminals tested • The new ones • Samples taken from stocks within the quality inspection verifications • http://www.telecomitalia.com/tit/en/sustainability/performance-targets/telecom-italia-environment.html • http://www.telecomitalia.com/content/dam/telecomitalia/en/archive/documents/investors/Annual_Reports/2011/TelecomItaliaGroupAnnualReport2011.pdf • More than 50 terminals per year are tested Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  13. Measurementresults - 1 • A database of handsets measured in 2008 -2009 has been analyzed • A total of more than 100 2G handsets (of which 50 was also 3G) has been considered Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  14. Measurementresults - 2 Comparison between SAR value and cost of the terminal Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  15. TI SAR laboratory activities: accreditation • Telecom Italia SAR laboratory accredited by Italian body ACCREDIA (ex SINAL) • Accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 • Possibility to perform SAR compliance campaigns not only for internal clients • ACCREDIA latest successfully audit performed in June 2011 Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  16. TI SAR laboratory activities: round robin tests • Telecom Italia SAR laboratory participated to SPEAG (Schmid and Partner Engineering AG) Round Robin phase II and HEMI (Hand Effect Measurement Interlab) studies Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  17. Standard development work: IEC TC106 MT 1/IEEE ICES TC34 Working groups: • IEC TC106 MT 1, Maintenance of IEC 622091-1 • ICES TC34, Wireless Handset SAR certification (SC1: Experimental Techniques) Next face2face meeting: TI Turin, September 11th-14th 2012 Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  18. Standard development work: fast SAR and test reduction techniques • Great effort in introducing new FAST SAR methods and procedures to reduce overall measurement time* • A statistical based approach is introduced by TI, to reduce the time needed to perform SAR measurements in the case of GSM900, DCS1800 and UMTS band I handsets** *M.G. Douglas, S. Gabriel, C. Bucher, D. Iliev, J. Kastrati, C. Leubler, M. Meili, K. Pokovic and N. Kuster: “Fast SAR Methods for Electromagnetic Exposure Evaluation of Wireless Devices” EuCAP 2011 Meeting, Rome, April 2011 **M. Francavilla: “Time reduction to demonstrate SAR compliance of GSM/UMTS mobile phones” BEMS 2011 Meeting, Halifax, CA, June 2011 Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  19. Standard development work: hand effect • Great effort in evaluating the influence of the hand on SAR • Measurement study • Computational study • Objective is to guarantee proper compliance to the specification in all reasonable use cases Flavio CUCCHIETTI Mauro FRANCAVILLA

  20. THANK YOU flavio.cucchietti@telecomitalia.it mauro.francavilla@telecomitalia.it

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